Selected Poster Abstracts From Science of Skin Summit 2025

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2025;18(10 Suppl 2):S5–S25.

Austin, Texas • September 5–7, 2025

Introduction

Dear Colleagues:

The 2025 Science of Skin Summit, held in Austin, Texas on September 5 to 7, 2025, saw a variety of clinical and scientific data presented, but not just at the podium; clinically relevant material was also presented in poster format. For those of you who were unable to participate in the meeting or were not able to attend the poster sessions, we have compiled abstracts from a select group of research posters presented during the 2025 meeting. It is our hope that you will find the highlighted research informative and thought provoking.

Patricia Farris, MD,
and Ted Lain, MD, MBA
Science of Skin 2025 Program Directors; Guest Editors, The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

 

 

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Immediate and long-term efficacy and tolerability of a novel topical next generation hydrator: A 24-week study

Presenters: Huang P,¹ Makino E,¹ Cheng T,¹ Rodgers N,² Maitra P¹

Affiliations: ¹Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA; ²SGS North America, Inc., Richardson, TX

Background: Skin hydration influences overall facial appearance. Well-hydrated skin looks dewy and plump, while insufficient hydration leads to dryness and fine lines. The next generation hydrator HCH is a topical serum that improves skin hydration by supporting the natural levels of key biohumectants including hyaluronic acid.

Objective: This single-center, 24-week clinical study assessed immediate and long-term efficacy and tolerability of HCH for improving facial dryness in participants with self-perceived sensitive skin.

Methods: Adults with mild to severe facial dryness, lack of dewiness, skin roughness, and fine lines/wrinkles applied HCH twice daily alongside a basic skincare regimen for 24 weeks. Investigator-assessed clinical grading, hydration measurements, participant self-assessments, and tolerability grading (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) were conducted at baseline, post application (with HCH on skin), and at Weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 (without HCH on skin). FACE-Q questionnaires were administered at baseline and Weeks 12 and 24. For 10 participants, surface skin samples were analyzed for lipid composition at baseline and Weeks 12 and 24. Safety was monitored throughout.

Results: Of 53 participants, 91% were female with mean age of 41.7 years. Significant immediate improvements from baseline were observed in investigator-assessed clinical grading of dewy hydrated skin (15.6%, P < 0.001), visual skin smoothness (12.0%, P < 0.001), radiance (13.9%, P < 0.001), fine lines (-6.8%, P = 0.002; decrease indicates improvement), and overall skin appearance (11.1%, P < 0.001); significant improvements continued throughout the 24-week study suggesting long-term benefits. Stratum corneum hydration significantly increased from baseline by 52.5% (P < 0.001) immediately post application and by 46.4% (P < 0.001) at Week 24. Lipid composition analysis showed an increase in natural moisturizing factors (NMF) and long-chain ceramides at Week 24. FACE-Q overall mean scores increased from baseline by 58% in Satisfaction With Skin, 41% in Satisfaction With Facial Appearance, and 33% in Aging Appraisal at Week 24. On FACE-Q Patient-Perceived Age Visual Analogue Scale, participants reported looking three years younger at Week 12 and 3.5 years younger at Week 24 than at baseline. The majority of participants felt that HCH delivered instant hydration (87%) and made their skin dewy and fresh after 24 weeks of use (93%).

Tolerability grading for erythema and itching remained consistently low (< 1) throughout. One participant experienced two treatment-related adverse events (moderate erythema and edema) which resolved without sequelae.

Conclusion: HCH delivered immediate and long-term improvements in skin hydration and multiple skin quality parameters, including dewy, hydrated appearance, smoothness and radiance. HCH supports the natural levels of NMFs and ceramides in the stratum corneum, which are critical for skin barrier function, highlighting an additional pathway by which HCH improves hydration beyond enhancing the skin’s biohumectants. HCH was well tolerated and was associated with high overall satisfaction based on participant assessments.

Disclosures: N Rodgers is a full-time employee of SGS and may own company stock. P Huang, E Makino, T Cheng, and P Maitra are full-time employees of AbbVie Inc., and may own company stock.

Funding: Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie company, funded this study and participated in the design, research, analysis, data collection, interpretation of data, and the review and approval of the publication. All authors had access to relevant data and participated in the drafting, review, and approval of this publication. No honoraria or payments were made for authorship. Medical writing support was provided by Battuya Bayarmagnai, PhD, of AbbVie Inc., and funded by AbbVie Inc.

Safety and tolerability of topical PDGF+ in skin of color patients treated with 2910 nm fiber laser for skin rejuvenation

Presenters: Khanna R,¹ Bui H,¹ Frey CN¹

Affiliations: ¹Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC

Background: With increasing interest in regenerative medicine for the treatment of dermatologic conditions, current studies explore the efficacy and safety of various therapies including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma-poor platelet (PPP), plasma-rich fibrin (PRF) and exosome therapy for both medical and aesthetic outcomes. While studies suggest exosomes’ potential in skin rejuvenation and hair restoration, due to lack of regulatory standards, the FDA maintains a consumer warning on such therapies. Despite noted synergistic effects when combining PRP and laser modalities for improved aesthetic results, there is a lack of consensus regarding required concentrations for treatment success, in the setting of both inter and intra-patient variability of outcomes. 

Objective: The present review seeks to evaluate the safety and tolerability of pure platelet derived growth factor (PDGF+) after laser treatment for skin rejuvenation in skin of color patients—a population at increased risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Methods: A series of three African-American patients with Fitzpatrick Skin Type IV-V underwent superficial ablative 2910 nm mid-infrared fiber laser treatment with Clear mode, followed by twice daily application of either PGDF+ or bland moisturizer in a split-face design. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured at baseline, immediately post-treatment, and at Day 1. Blinded Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) scores for hyperpigmentation and erythema, as well as subject and physician clinical tolerability scales were also recorded.

Results: The mean percent change (delta) in TEWL from Day 0 to Day 1 was 109.5% (SD = 9.7), range: 101.6% to 120.4%, for the treatment (PDGF+) side and 120.0% (SD = 43.5), range: 92.3% to 170.1%, for the control (bland moisturizer) side, showing no significant difference (p = 0.649). Results saw no change in IGA score for hyperpigmentation bilaterally between Day 0 and Day 1 across all three patients. Two of the three patients had a one-point increase in IGA score for erythema between Day 0 and Day 1 (2 to 3 and 1 to 2), with noted two-point increase in the other (2 to 4). There was no difference in IGA scores between treatment and control sides, however. One patient reported bilateral increase in edema (from trace to moderate) from Day 0 to Day 1. Two out of 3 patients reported mild to moderate burning within 15 minutes of PDGF+ treatment, with resolution of symptoms within 30 minutes of application. Patients are scheduled to follow-up in 2 weeks for final assessment.

Conclusion: Scoring for TEWL, hyperpigmentation, and erythema demonstrated comparable results for post-laser topical application of PDGF+ as compared to bland moisturizer, making this a safe option for patients of color. Overall, patients tolerated the treatment without adverse event, demonstrating marginal difference from control outcomes. Larger-scale studies are needed to further assess post-treatment efficacy in both superficial and deep ablative procedures.

Unique herbal based cosmeceutical appears superior to prescription retinoid’s impact upon epidermal biomarkers

Presenters: Thornfeldt CR¹

Affiliations: ¹Episciences, Boise, Idaho.

Background: Chronic exposure to natural sunlight is the major driver of photoaging¹ although airborne pollution and tobacco smoke have also been proven.^2,3 Variation of Fitzpatrick skin types I through VI also impacts the speed and severity of visible aging. Sunscreens used daily significantly reduce photoaging in as little as four years.¹ Vitamin A and its metabolites are considered the gold standard to reverse and prevent photoaging to a significant degree although they rarely completely reverse all visible signs. One problem with vitamin A metabolic products is photosensitivity to a variable degree. This is due primarily to thinned compromised stratum corneum barrier integrity and function as well as reduction in sebum production. These anomalies induce the commonly seen erythema, scaling, irritation and burning with topical application. The incidence is up to 40%, lasting 2 to 6 weeks.^4,5 Tretinoin (Tr) is the final metabolite of vitamin A used in human cells. The topical products incorporating this bioactive are all prescription. Its precursors of retinol, beta carotene and retinaldehyde do not require prescription due to significantly less efficacy, irritation reactions and photosensitivity. These are frequently incorporated into cosmeceuticals. Users must assume the compromised epidermis can synthesize normal amounts and normal structure of tretinoin induced mediators, exosomes and second messengers. Tretinoin is the bioactive molecule used in the first FDA product be approved to treat wrinkles about two decades ago.

Increasing interest in herbal topical therapies has resulted in nearly a thousand studies published since 2017 for reversing skin aging.⁶ The herbal extract product was designed to reverse photoaging by repairing and optimizing stratum corneum barrier function, mitigate cutaneous inflammatory reactions, prevent photosensitivity while upregulating all five epidermal strata structure and function.

Objective: The purpose of this trial is to compare the effect upon molecular biomarkers indicating severity of photoaging and ability to repair the epidermis damaged from environmental insults. HE and Tr were compared in a 12-day occlusive patch followed by biopsy in a paired comparison clinical trial. HE was previously documented to have a negative Repeat Insult patch test indicating no sensitization nor irritation with this product. Higher concentrations of Tr were not used due to significantly increased risk of irritation with occlusion.

Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was conducted for Ethical Considerations. The volunteer subjects all consented to this study and its publications. The IRB was conducted by Advarra: #Pro00068962. Eight subjects aged 62 to 74 years old that were post or peri-menopausal were selected. All subjects were Caucasian with skin type I to III with moderate to severe photoaging on their forearms. The two test products were applied to mirror images in a paired comparison manner with occlusion by Fin chamber affixed with Scanpor tape. Each subject had HE applied to one forearm and Tr to the other forearm. The patches were changed every other day for HE for 6 applications total. Tr was applied every 3 days for 3 applications total. About 80 microliters of test product were applied to each site. On day 12, punch biopsies were performed at each test site on each subject.The biomarker scales and definitions compared between the two topical treatments include: 1) Fibrillin Ab measures protein that assembles microfibrils to form elastin fibers. It uses a scale of 0=normal skin, to 3= marked diffuse fibrillin staining; 2) Procollagen I immunostain measures cytoplasmic stain in dermal fibroblasts with scale of 1=<5% positive cells to 5=>30% positive cells; 3) PPAR gamma measures nuclear staining and reported as number of positive nuclei/mm₂ for keratinocyte terminal differentiation while down regulating keratinocyte proliferation.

The test products were occluded which increases cutaneous penetration of topically applied products from 3 to 15-fold. This accelerates reparative processes, enhancing visible results but also increases risk of adverse reactions.

Statistical analysis used Wilcoxon signed rank test. This trial was conducted by SGS, an international contract research organization at their facilities. It was sponsored by Episciences, Inc. of Boise, Idaho.

Results: No statistical significant difference was observed between HE and Tr after measuring the two biomarkers for photoaging. However, PPAR gamma achieved a trend for statistical significance (p=0.075) superior of HE to Tr. Despite occlusion, no adverse reactions were noted including erythema, edema, scaling with either test product.

Discussion: Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) gamma is a nuclear receptor that regulates gene expression for lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. PPAR is a prominent biomarker for evidence of epidermal repair. Its activation triggers keratinocyte differentiation while reducing its proliferation. It is essential for maintaining epidermal integrity for functioning skin permeability barriers by promoting in terminal differentiation. PPAR gamma also regulates skin inflammation. It is additionally critical for pilosebaceous unit homeostasis by protecting follicular epithelial stem cells. Increased levels indicate increase in metabolic processes needed for epidermal rejuvenation and optimization.⁹ The positive impact upon HE by PPAR gamma was numerically superior with a trend toward statistical significant (p=0.075) superiority over prescription Tr 0.02%. This data supports other clinical trials’ greater efficacy and safety when compared to prescription strength Tr.

Two bioactive markers studied in this trial assess the impact of topical ingredients on key structural and functional anomalies that occur early in development of photoaging.

The first, fibrillin, is a glycoprotein secreted by fibroblasts into the extracellular matrix. It is incorporated into insoluble microfibrils to provide the scaffold for elastin deposition. Fibrillin is a major component of a sheath surrounding amorphous elastin. Increased Fibrillin antibody levels indicate increased synthesis of this critical protein.⁷

The second, procollagen 2, is the initial 3-dimensional stranded structure for collagen I assembly. Its principal peptides are glycine, proline and lysine. Procollagen is modified by adding hydroxyl groups to proline and lysine. This allows for glycosylation and formation of collagen’s triple helix. Procollagen is shipped from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus then secreted into the extracellular space. This is the site of completion of formation of collagen fibrils. Increase of Procollagen 2 is one of the earliest markers indicating upregulation of collagen synthesis.⁸

The limitation of this in vivo pilot study is small sample size and short duration of treatment product usage. This data strongly suggests a longer duration clinical study to evaluate other biomarkers such as elastin and with a larger number of subjects (N of 36 or more) is warranted. The suggested clinical trial should include mechanical instrumentation and imaging assessments.

Conclusion: The unique herbal blend of HE appears to be equally effective to prescription Tr 0.02% upon biomarkers, Fibrillin and Procollagen 2 that indicate photo damage to moderate and severe degrees. Herbal based (HE) appears likely to be superior to prescription Tr 0.02% in regenerating epidermis and stratum corneum as evidenced by the biomarker PPAR.

Disclosures: Dr. Carl R Thornfeldt is the CEO and founder of Episciences in Boise, Idaho.Clinical study was recruited and completed by SGS International. It was reviewed and approved by the IRB.

Funding: Episciences, Inc. of Boise, Idaho.

References

1. Krutmann J, Gilchrest BA. Photoaging of Skin in SKIN AGING. Krutmann J, Gilchrest BA, eds. Springer, Heidelberg in New York:2006:33-43.
2. Vierkotter A et al. Airborne particle exposure & skin aging. J Invert Dermatol. 2010 ;130(12) :2719-2726.
3. Morita A et al. Molecular basis of tobacco smoke induced premature skin aging. J. Invest. Dematol. Symp. Proc. 2009;14(1):53-55.
4. Sitohang IBS, Makes WI, Sandora N, Suryanegara J. Topical tretinoin for treating photoaging: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International J of Women’s Dermatol. Published online 2022, Mar. 25.
5. Thornfeldt C. Clinical Assessment Results. Facial Cream Reduces Signs of Photoaging. Presented at 2008 American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting- Poster Exhibit No. P915.
6. Cho S-Y, Lee H-G, Kwon S, et al. A systematic Review of In Vivo Studies of the Efficacy of Herbal Medicines for Anti-aging in the Last Five Years. Pharmaceuticals. 2023;16 (448).
7. Kumra H, Reinhardt DP. Methods in Extracellular Matrix Biology in Methods In Cell Biology. Mecham RP eds. 2018(143):223. Science Direct. Elsevier.
8. Hulmes DJS. Roles f Procollagen C Propeptides in Health and Disease. Biochem. 2019, Sep. 13;63(3):313-323.
9. Yuval R et al. Role of PPAR gamma-medicated signaling in skin biology and pathology. Exp Dermatol. 2015(April)24(4):245-251.

The clinical efficacy and tolerability of a multi-peptide serum featuring beta-glucan, high molecular weight hyaluronic acid, and polyglutamic acid for improving visible skin firmness and supporting recovery post-procedure

Presenters: Konisky H,¹ Bowe WP,² Yang P,² Jallorina A,¹ Kobets K¹

Affiliations: ¹Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY, ²Dr. Whitney Bowe Beauty, Greenwich, CT

Background: Loss of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans in aging skin contributes to a reduction in both hydration and extracellular matrix integrity, resulting in sagging, loss of elasticity, fine lines, wrinkles, and a decrease in firmness alongside alterations in skin texture. Certain energy-based devices and injectable procedures performed in-office can stimulate regenerative changes in the dermal layer and even reverse or improve these age-related changes. While these procedures are recognized for reversing signs of skin aging via a wound healing response, current post procedure skincare protocols may not optimize skin recovery post procedure, nor fully optimize ultimate outcomes post-procedure. There is a growing demand for topical interventions that not only can work independently of these procedural interventions to improve these visible signs of aging but are also formulated and clinically tested to support skin recovery post-procedure.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of a multi-peptide serum (DWB-P46) in two separate settings: (1) a 12-week clinical study measuring anti-aging benefits and skin hydration when used without an associated procedure, and (2) a real-world, in-office use case following dermatologic procedures to evaluate post-procedure recovery support.

Methods: Two efficacy studies, one safety assessment, and one tolerability evaluation were conducted. In a single-center, 12-week study, 25 healthy female participants (ages 42–67; 48% sensitive skin; Fitzpatrick I–IV) applied DWB-P46 twice daily after a seven-day washout. Clinical grading was performed at baseline, immediately post-application (5–15 minutes), Week 1, and Week 12 to assess facial fine lines/wrinkles, sagging, firmness, elasticity, texture (visual), smoothness (tactile), plumpness, brightness, and overall healthy appearance. Corneometer® measured skin hydration at baseline and immediately post-application. Subjects completed Self-Perception Questionnaires throughout. In a separate four-week in-office study, 15 female participants (ages 37–71; Fitzpatrick I–III) applied DWB-P46 immediately after and the night following their procedure, then continued with twice daily application post-procedure (including microneedling, nonablative fractional laser resurfacing, ultrasound therapy, radiofrequency microneedling therapy, HA injectable biostimulatory PLLA fillers, or superficial chemical peel). SPQ’s were collected throughout the study. Safety was supported by a 40-day Repeat Insult Patch Test (n=107; ages 18-64; 50% sensitive skin) and tolerability by a 4-week repeated occlusive patch study (n=15; ages 27–55) assessing dermal irritation and follicular response.

Results: Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.01) were observed in all clinically graded parameters by Week 12 in the 12-week study (n=25), including reductions in fine lines and wrinkles, increased skin firmness and elasticity, enhanced texture and smoothness, and improved plumpness and brightness. Hydration levels measured by Corneometer® increased significantly immediately post-application (p < 0.01).

In the four-week post-procedure study (n=15), DWB-P46 provided effective recovery support by enhancing and expediting skin healing, with patients reporting reduced redness, increased comfort, and improved skin resilience during recovery as compared to prior procedures performed without usage of DWB-46.

Safety assessments showed no sensitization or adverse events during the 40-day Repeat Insult Patch Test (n=107), including among subjects with sensitive skin. The four-week occlusive patch study demonstrated excellent tolerability with no clinically significant dermal irritation or adverse follicular responses observed (thus demonstrating non-comedogenicity).

Conclusion: This clinical evaluation demonstrates that DWB-P46 is safe, well-tolerated, and effective in improving visible signs of aging and skin hydration when used as monotherapy. The test article also provides effective recovery support post-procedure by enhancing and expediting skin recovery with no reports of irritation or allergy. These findings support DWB-P46 as a versatile peptide serum suitable for use across diverse skin types, including sensitive and post-treatment skin.

3D organoid modeling reveals how host-microbiota interactions fuel skin cancer in the context of TLR4 deficiency and epithelial IKKa reduction

Presenters: Singh AK¹

Affiliations: ¹Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD

Background: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and help maintain epithelial homeostasis. While their roles in infection and inflammation are well established, their function in skin carcinogenesis and host-microbiota interactions remains less understood. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed recurrent mutations in TLR4 in skin cancers, suggesting a potential tumor-suppressive role.

Methods: We used a mouse model with keratinocyte-specific IKKα deletion (Ikka.f/+K5.Cre), with or without TLR4 deficiency. Skin microbial composition was profiled, and 3D skin organoids were generated from murine keratinocytes. These organoids were exposed to tumor-associated bacterial communities to assess DNA damage (γH2AX), IL-1β expression, and lipid metabolism. Comparisons were made with Il4R-/- organoids. In vivo studies included antibiotic treatment and IL-4R signaling ablation.

Results: Ikka.f/+K5.Cre mice showed low tumor incidence, but concurrent TLR4 loss significantly increased squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) formation, with tumors showing loss of the wild-type Ikka allele. Microbiome profiling revealed increased bacterial burden and Firmicutes enrichment in IkkaΔKC/+; Tlr4-/- mice. Organoids exposed to these bacteria showed elevated DNA damage, IL-1β, and altered lipid metabolism responses absent in Il4R-/- organoids. Remarkably, IkkaΔKC/+; Il4R-/- mice were tumor-resistant. Antibiotics also suppressed tumorigenesis.

Conclusion: These findings identify a TLR4–microbiota–IL-4R axis promoting skin cancer in IKKα-deficient epithelium. The 3D organoid model is a valuable platform to study host-microbiota-immune interactions, and IL-4R signaling presents a promising therapeutic target for cancer prevention.

References:

1. Liu B, Xia X, Zhu F, Park E, Carbajal S, Kiguchi K, DiGiovanni J, Fischer SM, Hu Y. IKKα is required to maintain skin homeostasis and prevent skin cancer. Cancer Cell. 2008 Sep 9;14(3):212–225. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2008.07.015
2. Jariwala N, Leppla SH, Reyes CN, Salao K, de Vera ME, Rollins MR, et al. TLR4 promotes tumor growth and chemoresistance through activation of the β-catenin pathway in skin carcinogenesis. EMBO J. 2010;29(22):3893-904. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.94.
3. Peralta-Ramos JM, Calcagno ML, Salva MG, Fraccaroli L, De la Fuente AL, Rizzo MM, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 in cutaneous oncology: Dual roles in tumor promotion and suppression. Int J Oncol. 2019;54(6):1981-94. doi:10.3892/ijo.2019.4790.
4. Kobayashi T, Glatz M, Horiuchi K, Kawasaki H, Akiyama H, Kaplan DH, et al. Dysbiosis and oxidative stress in skin carcinogenesis: Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12(3):546. doi:10.3390/antiox12030546.

Countering the effects of cutaneous connective tissue disease (malar rash) associated with lupus using microneedling and topical probiotics

Presenters: Mills JM¹

Case report: Malar rash, a key symptom of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) phenotype acute cutaneous SLE, is a common condition characterized by a symmetrical erythematous raised and/or flat rash across the cheeks. This case study reports the treatment of a 28-year-old female patient who developed a large, symmetrical, erythematous, raised, and scaly rash, abruptly following a silicone breast augmentation. It is hypothesized that the malar rash occurred secondary to the potential development or onset of SLE, which is consistent with previous reports of malar rash. This case study demonstrates the potential efficacy of combining microneedling, stem cell therapy, and topical and oral pre- and probiotics in managing malar rash.

Disclosures: JMM has no conflicts to disclose.

Funding: No funding was provided.

Quantitative analysis of skin tone and anatomical representation in google image search results for eczematous dermatoses

Presenters: Zieneldien T,¹ Busot D,² Ma S,¹ Cohen BA³

Affiliations: ¹Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; ²University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, FL; ³Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD

Background: Google Images (GI) is widely accessible and has become a popular tool for patients seeking to identify or understand their skin conditions. However, concerns have emerged regarding the limited diversity reflected in image results. The objective of this study was to assess the representation of skin tones and anatomical locations in Google Image search results for common inflammatory and eczematous skin conditions. 

Methods: A newly installed, unused Firefox browser was used to eliminate the influence of previous search history or cookies. GI was accessed to search five dermatologic terms: contact dermatitis, allergic rash, skin reaction, atopic dermatitis, and eczema. For each term, the first 50 images were collected in chronological order of appearance. Images that included multiple individuals or were cartoons were excluded. Each image was independently evaluated by two reviewers, who classified the skin tone as either “light” or “dark” and noted the anatomic location of the rash. When disagreements occurred regarding skin tone classification, a third reviewer served as the tiebreaker. Percentages of light versus dark skin tones, along with anatomic location distributions, were calculated for each search term.

Results: A search for “contact dermatitis” yielded 49 photos or 98% lighter skin, “allergic rash” yielded 50 photos or 100% lighter skin, skin reaction yielded 48 photos or 96% lighter skin, atopic dermatitis yielded 45 photos or 90% lighter skin, and eczema yielded 48 photos or 96% lighter skin images. Eczema images were concentrated on the hands at (58%), while contact dermatitis also frequently involved the hands (24%). Skin reaction was most often observed on the face (28%), whereas allergic rash was concentrated on the back (22%). Atopic dermatitis showed a broader spread, most notably on the arms (26%) and legs (12%).

Conclusion: Our analysis revealed a lack of diversity in GI search results for common inflammatory and eczematous skin conditions, with over 90% of images across all search terms depicting lighter skin tones. Since nearly all dermatologic disease manifest distinctly across different skin tones and anatomical locations, this lack of diversity could perpetuate diagnostic disparities, especially since the results do not reflect the prevalence observed in epidemiologic data.

Disclosures: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 

Funding: This study received no external funding. 

Increased anti-aging benefits and skin tolerance of a cream containing Macrocystis pyrifera ferment and three marine extracts following a radiofrequency procedure

Presenters: DiNatale L,¹ Santhanam U,² Zhao X,³ Wang S,³ Zhong Y,³ Saliou C²

Affiliations: ¹La Mer Max Huber Research Laboratories, Melville, NY; ²Research Laboratories, Estee Lauder Companies, Melville, NY; ³APAC Innovation lab, the Estee Lauder Companies, Shanghai, PR China

Background: The popularity of non-surgical cosmetic dermatologic facial procedures continue to rise due to their satisfying results with minimal downtime. The use of a standard-of-care moisturizer following such procedures is generally accepted as a necessary step to maintain skin hydration and aid in recovery from procedures. Advanced cosmetic products that contain bioactive ingredients can potentially enhance not just recovery, but post procedure outcomes as compared to ordinary moisturizers. 

A complex of three marine sourced extracts, consisting of microcondensates of totipotent cells isolated from Crithmum maritimum, a supercritical CO₂ wax extract of C. maritimum, and Laminaria digitata extract, hereinafter referred to as the marine complex (MC), was developed with the aim of offering retinol-like benefits.  A ferment of the sea kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (MPF), has been previously demonstrated to provide significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin barrier benefits. 

Objective: A topical formulation containing MC+MPF was developed [TM=Test Material] and evaluated in a split-face comparison versus a plain moisturizer [C=Control] following a full-face radiofrequency (RF) skin tightening procedure. Because collagen rebuilding and tissue remodeling continues for a period of weeks following RF procedures, the effects post procedure of TM versus C were tracked for 12 weeks.

Methods: An IRB approved randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on n=33 female participants. Selected subjects exhibited mild to moderate appearance of photoaged skin. Following their consent, participants underwent an RF facial skin tightening procedure by a certified clinician. Starting one hour after the RF procedure, subjects applied equal amounts of TM and C to randomly assigned sides of the face and continued to apply twice daily for 12 weeks.  Assessment of skin condition was conducted by expert clinical graders prior to the RF procedure and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after RF-procedure. Additionally, different imaging systems such as two-photon microscopy, 3D imaging for skin contour and PRIMOS for skin texture analysis were included in the evaluations.

Results: The RF treatment with the Control moisturizer provided statistically significant improvement from baseline in Crows Feet Wrinkles, Marionette Lines, Appearance of Nasolabial Fold, Facial Sagging as well as Texture, Tone and Evenness. Compared to the Control, the use of the Test Material following the RF procedure was found to significantly enhance the improvement of crows feet wrinkles, marionette lines, appearance of nasolabial fold, facial sagging while providing equivalent benefit for texture, tone and evenness.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that a bioactive topical cream containing MC+MPF was shown to be more effective compared to a control moisturizer for enhancing skin appearance following RF skin tightening procedure.

Disclosures: The authors declare that all authors are employees of The Estée Lauder Companies and have no other conflicts of interest to disclose.

Macrocystis pyrifera ferment modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics: Implications for cellular aging and functional decline

Presenters: DiNatale L,^1,2 Emmetsberger J,^1,2 Wu Y,³ Deng B,³ Cao JR³

Affiliations: ¹La Mer Max Huber Research Laboratories, Melville, NY; ²Estée Lauder Companies, Melville, NY; ³Estée Lauder Companies Innovation R&D (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China

Objective: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging,¹ characterized by reduced ATP production, decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) levels, and altered mitochondrial fusion–fission dynamics.² This study investigated whether a ferment of Macrocystis pyrifera (MPF) could improve mitochondrial performance in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and protect against age- and UVB-associated dysfunction.

Methods: HDFs were treated with MPF for 24 hours, followed by quantification of NAD⁺ and NADH levels. MitoTracker Green and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining were used to assess mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm).³ To evaluate the effect of MPF on mitochondrial morphology, live-cell imaging was performed on HDFs from donors of different ages and on cells 6 hours post-UVB exposure, with or without MPF treatment. Morphological parameters, including mitochondrial length and width/length ratio, were analyzed.

Results: MPF significantly increased NAD⁺, NADH, and ΔΨm in a dose-dependent manner. Aged and UVB-exposed HDFs displayed marked mitochondrial fragmentation, while MPF-treated cells from both groups exhibited elongated mitochondria, with increased length and decreased width/length ratio, indicating improved mitochondrial network morphology.

Conclusion: MPF enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics by increasing NAD⁺, NADH, and ΔΨm, while also protecting against UV-induced and age-associated mitochondrial fragmentation. These findings suggest MPF as a promising agent for mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction associated with skin aging and environmental stress.

Disclosures: The authors declare that all authors are employees of The Estée Lauder Companies and have no other conflicts of interest to disclose.

References:

1. Adlimoghaddam A, et al., Aging Dis. 2025 Jul 31;16(5):2495-2497.
2. Aon MA, et al. Clin Sci (Lond). 2016 Aug 1;130(15):1285-305.
3. Chazotte B, et al. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2011 Aug 1;2011(8):990-2.

The effects of an oral supplement containing antioxidants and L-histidine in rosacea

Presenters: Maloh J,¹ Paldus B,¹ Afzal N,¹ Sivamani R¹

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by facial erythema, telangiectasia, and inflammatory lesions. Emerging research suggests that systemic oxidative stress and skin barrier dysfunction may also be associated with this condition.

Objective: To explore the effects of an oral supplement containing antioxidants, and L-histidine, an amino acid found to support the skin barrier, on those with rosacea.

Methods: The study was an open label trial with 20 participants between the ages of 30 to 70 years old with mild to moderate rosacea (erythematotelangiectatic or papulopustular). Inflammatory lesion (IL) counts, the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), erythema, and the Rosacea Area and Severity Index (RASI) were measured at baseline, Week 4, and Week 8.

Results: Significant improvements in IGA, erythema, RASI, and IL counts were observed at Week 4 and at Week 8 relative to baseline (Figure 1). This includes a 21% reduction in RASI at Week 4 (p<0.001) and a 46% reduction in RASI at Week 8 (p<0.001).

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence for the use of oral supplementation with antioxidants and L-histidine in the management of rosacea. Further research with larger placebo-controlled trials is needed to confirm these findings and better understand the mechanisms of action of the supplement ingredients in relationship to the pathophysiology of rosacea.

Disclosures: JM serves as a consultant and stockholder for Codex Labs Corp. BP is the founder and CEO of Codex Labs Corp. RKS serves as a scientific advisor and a holder of stock options with Codex Labs, a scientific advisor to Arbonne, and as a consultant to Burt’s Bees, Novozymes, Nutrafol, Abbvie, Leo, Galderma, Pfizer, UCB, Incyte, Sanofi, Novartis, Arcutis, Amgen, Sun and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals

Funding: Codex Labs Corp

Protection against air pollution-induced skin pigmentation using a cosmetic serum with or without oxygen application: A controlled clinical study

Presenters: Dimmers F,¹ Marini A,¹ Krutmann J,¹ Wriedt S,² Dryer L³

Affiliations: ¹Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; ²QMS Medicosmetics GmbH, Teningen, Germany; ³Skin Sage Advisors, LLC, Conroe, TX

Background: Traffic-related air pollution such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is increasingly recognized as a driver of extrinsic skin aging and pigmentation disorders. This study aimed to assess the protective efficacy of a topical Even Tone Serum, with or without adjunct oxygen application, against DEP-induced skin pigmentation and oxidative stress.

Methods: This monocenter, interventional study enrolled 41 healthy adults (Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV). Subjects received daily applications of QMS Even Tone Serum, QMS Oxygen Applicator, or a combination thereof over five marked 5×5 cm areas on the back for 11 days. A modified Düsseldorf Air Pollution Patch Test (DAPP) was used to simulate topical DEP exposure, followed by evaluation of pigmentation changes via Individual Typology Angle (ITA°) and melanin index (DSM III ColorMeter), and antioxidant levels via reflection spectroscopy. Control areas received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or DEP only. The primary endpoints were changes in pigmentation and antioxidant status post-treatment and DEP exposure.

Results: DEP exposure led to a significant decrease in ITA° (increased pigmentation), particularly in untreated and Oxygen-only fields (mean ΔITA° −7.19 and −7.66, respectively). In contrast, treatment with Even Tone Serum (ΔITA° −2.49) or the combined Serum + Oxygen (ΔITA° −2.36) significantly attenuated pigmentation compared to DEP-only sites (p < 0.05). Antioxidant levels were better preserved in serum-treated sites.

Conclusion: The QMS Even Tone Serum, both alone and in combination with oxygen application, demonstrated significant protective effects against DEP-induced pigmentation and oxidative stress. These findings support its potential utility as a topical defense strategy against pollution-related skin damage.

Disclosures: SW is an employee of QMS Medicocosmetics.

Transient treatment-induced hair loss across androgenetic alopecia therapies

Presenters: Nestor MS,^1,2,3 Lam W,¹ DeVries A,^1,4 Chaudry A,¹ Hawkins S,⁵ Leavitt M⁶

Affiliations: ¹Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Aventura, FL; ²Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; ³Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; ⁴Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO; ⁵Hair Medicine Institute, Alpharetta, GA; ⁶Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Maitland, FL

Background: Treatment-induced hair shedding–commonly referred to as “dread shed”–is a distressing and unfortunately an expected response following initiation of certain hair treatments for androgenetic alopecia which may lead to early discontinuation. This review aims to characterize the pathophysiology of this phenomenon.

Methods: A targeted PubMed search up to July 2025 was performed using key words such as “minoxidil”, “hair shedding”, “finasteride”, “spironolactone”, “dutasteride”, “platelet rich plasma”, “microneedling”, and “nutraceuticals”. Results were screened for relevance and articles written in only English. Additional articles were included via citation tracking. The authors’ expert clinical opinions were also included.

Results: The search result yielded 67 articles and 21 met screening criteria. Hair shedding was most commonly mentioned in articles on topical and oral minoxidil. Antiandrogens such as spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride did not directly discuss shedding in data. One study reported 3 cases of transient effluvium among 210 patients that underwent platelet rich plasma (PRP) with microneedling occurring 4 to 6 weeks post-treatment and resolving by Week 8. Clinical trials on nutraceuticals did not describe a distinct shedding phase. Across all treatment methods, few studies clearly defined onset of shedding and its duration and its impact on patient adherence.

Discussion: The “dread shed” pathophysiology remains undercharacterized but is a significant  consideration in alopecia therapies. Oral and topical minoxidil were most commonly implicated. This was either attributed to a positive outcome of the synchronization of the hair follicle cycle and early anagen induction or to the negative effect of the stress of initiating minoxidil which resulted in telogen effluvium. The transient effluvium after PRP was attributed to the induction of the anagen phase secondary to growth factors. A randomized controlled trial on dutasteride  and finasteride showed a significantly increased hair count at Week 12 and Week 24. This was consistent with multiple other studies. As such, there is insufficient data to support that antiandrogens may cause a temporary hair shedding phase despite frequent discussion in the clinical setting and online forums. Although, the transient shedding phase would be expected in theory with the progressive shift in hormone levels. Trials on nutraceuticals showed an increase in terminal hair count and a reduction in hair shed count, along with an increase in vellus hair count in the initial 3-month and 6-month treatment period. These findings may suggest that nutraceuticals may be less likely to induce transient effluvium secondary to a gentle modulation of hormones and a subtle change in environment that is not enough to resynchronize the hair follicle cycle. In most of these studies, however, efficacy measurements did not occur until at least 90 days after start of treatment. As such, the occurrence of dread shed in these cases cannot be accurately determined or even ruled out.  This may reflect a delay in monitoring for hair shedding during the initial treatment period, leading to an underestimation of the incidence of hair shedding with the use of nutraceuticals. Despite its prevalence and discussion in the clinical setting, online forums, and in patient facing materials, this phenomenon is poorly represented in peer-reviewed literature. Further research to understand “dread shed” is warranted to guide clinical expectations and improve patient satisfaction.

Disclosures: The authors have no financial disclosures to report.

Funding: This study received no funding from any sources.

Low-level light therapy for the treatment of alopecia

Presenters: Nestor MS,^1,2,3 Chaudry A,¹ Lam W,¹ DeVries A,^1,4 Vanaria RJ^1,5

Affiliations: ¹Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Aventura, FL; ²Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; ³Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; ⁴Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO; ⁵Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ

Background: Alopecia encompasses a group of conditions that can significantly impact quality of life, especially among women and younger individuals. While pharmaceutical therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment, laser and light-based therapies, especially low-level light therapy (LLLT), offer promising non-invasive alternatives. LLLT uses specific wavelengths of light to stimulate hair follicle repair, prolong the hair growth phase, and promote regrowth. Recent advancements in at-home devices and dual- wavelength LED systems have expanded access to these therapies. This review explores the role of LLLT in treating alopecias, evaluating its mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical applications.

Methods: A PubMed search using terms related to alopecia and laser/light therapy was conducted. Results were limited to English-only articles from 2020 to 2025, excluding duplicates. Additional articles were identified through citation tracking. Studies not focused on light-based therapies were excluded.

Results: Of 403 articles identified, 63 were included based on relevance to alopecia or hair loss and light-based therapy. Results were categorized by treatment modality and type of hair loss, with overlap between categories.

Discussion: This review highlights the growing role of LLLT as an adjunct or alternative treatment for various types of alopecia. In androgenetic alopecia, LLLT improves hair density and follicular responsiveness, with enhanced outcomes when combined with minoxidil or finasteride. For telogen effluvium, LLLT shows potential in prolonging the anagen phase and reducing shedding, although larger studies are needed. In alopecia areata, LLLT may promote regrowth by modulating immune responses and improving perifollicular microcirculation. Emerging data also support LLLT in lichen planopilaris and central centrifugal alopecia (CCCA), with case reports showing reduced inflammation and hair regrowth. Overall, LLLT offers a non-invasive, well-tolerated option across alopecia subtypes, though standardized protocols and long-term data remain limited.

Disclosures: MSN is a consultant for Revian. The other authors report no financial disclosures.

Botulinum toxin and the anatomy of emotion: Implications for mood regulation

Presenters: Nestor MS,^1,2,3 Chaudry A,¹ Lam W,¹ DeVries A,^1,4 Vanaria RJ,^1,5 Lorenc P⁶

Affiliations: ¹Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Aventura, FL; ²Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; ³Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; ⁴Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO; ⁵Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ; ⁶Lorenc Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Center, New York, NY

Background: Emotions are expressed via coordination of the small muscles of the face to convey psychological expression. Manipulation of this coordinated movement can affect the emotions that patients experience and results in an influence of limbic system activity. Botulinum toxin is the most popular cosmetic procedure for correction of contraction-associated fine lines and wrinkles, and acts via temporary muscle relaxation.

Objective: This review explores the effects that botulinum toxin has on specific muscle groups and thereby on emotional expression and feeling.

Methods: A literature review regarding understanding of facial anatomy and expressions as well as botulinum toxin’s effect on emotions and communication was conducted via PubMed using search terms such as “botulinum toxin” AND “emotion”. Results were screened for relevance and to include English-only articles. Further articles were included through citation tracking. Authors’ clinical experience was also included.

Results: A total of 50 articles were included based on relevance and search terms. Two additional book chapters were added from author knowledge. Biological feedback from the facial feedback, facial mimicry, and emotional contagion are the basis of botulinum toxin-induced emotional influence. The paralysis of muscles associated with frowning (glabellar complex) and smiling (zygomaticus and orbicularis oculi) as a treatment for wrinkles and fine lines can result in patients experiencing more or less positive or negative emotions, depending on which muscles are targeted. Patients treated in the glabellar region only with botulinum toxin reported significant increases in their mood, which was attributed to their acquired inability to produce a frown. This included clinically depressed patients who experienced a significant improvement in depression scores or resolution of depression altogether. Treatment of the “crow’s feet” region canceled the glabella effect and when treated alone, resulted in a more negative mood.

Conclusions: Facial expressions can influence mood states and perception of emotions. Although known traditionally as a cosmetic treatment, botulinum toxin can be used to influence patient mood via facial muscle paralysis, and importantly, offers an alternative treatment modality for depression.

Disclosures: The authors have no financial disclosures to report.

Funding: This study received no funding from any sources.

Assessing platelet rich plasma content quality on social media for hair loss and facial aesthetics: A cross-sectional analysis

Presenters: Nestor MS,^1,2,3 Chaudry A,¹ Lam W,¹ DeVries A,^1,4 Vanaria RJ^1,5

Affiliations: ¹Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Aventura, FL; ²Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; ³Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; ⁴Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO; ⁵Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained popularity on social media recently for different forms of alopecia and facial aesthetics. Patients increasingly turn to social media for medical advice to help inform their treatment choice. This study assessed the quality of content, creator type, and engagement of content on PRP.

Methods: TikTok was searched using keywords related to PRP, identifying the top 180 most liked videos, of which 140 videos met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed for duration, views, likes, creator type, and content type. Creators were categorized as dermatologists, other physicians, non-physician health care providers (NPHCPs), or lay people. Three reviewers assessed each video using the modified DISCERN tool. Intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to determine inter-assessor reliability. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare mean scores across creator categories.

Results: The majority of videos were created by lay people (61%) and NPHCPs (15%), with dermatologists and other physicians contributing less (11% and 12%, respectively). Most dermatologist and other physician videos were educational, while lay people’s content was predominantly advertisements or experience-based. Overall, video quality was very poor, with median modified-DISCERN of 1. The grading scale revealed significant differences in the quality of content. Dermatologists and other physicians scored significantly higher than laypeople (p<0.004 and <0.002, respectively) and NPHCPs (p<0.04 and <0.04, respectively) on the modified-DISCERN for androgenetic alopecia. Dermatologists and other physicians scored significantly higher than laypeople (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively) and NPHCPs (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively) on the modified-DISCERN for facial aesthetics.

Conclusions: This analysis reveals a significant need for improved regulation and quality of medical information shared on social media platforms and increased content production of physician created videos to ensure patient safety and informed decision making.

Disclosures: The authors have no financial disclosures to report.

Funding: This study received no funding from any sources.

Efficacy of a 2-MNG-containing serum and sunscreen regimen on improving facial- dyschromia in skin of color women

Presenters: Dumbuya H,¹ Alexis A,² Lynch S,³ Callender V,⁴ Desai SR,⁵ Draelos ZD⁶

Affiliations: ¹La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, L’Oreal USA, New York, NY; ²Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; ³L’Oréal USA Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ; ⁴Callender Dermatology and Cosmetic Center, Glenn Dale, MD; ⁵Innovative Dermatology, Plano, TX; ⁶Dermatology Consulting Services, PLLC, High Point, NC

Background:  Variations in the clinical presentation of skin aging between racial/ethnic populations have been reported.¹ Compared to their White counterparts, individuals with skin of color (SOC), with Fitzpatrick phototype IV and above, generally show fewer visible sign of wrinkles and fine lines.² Due to higher levels of melanin in their skin, SOCs are more susceptible to experiencing dyschromia (hyper- and hypo-pigmentation), leading to uneven skin tone, ashy skin and blotchiness.¹ Despite skin discoloration being considered as one of the top dermatological concerns for SOCs, they remain under-represented in clinical trials focused on skin-aging prevention and photoprotection.³

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of an innovative serum and sunscreen regimen containing 2-MNG, an ingredient that quenches melanin precursors, on improving facial dyschromia in women of color following 12 weeks of usage.

Methods: A total of 60 female subjects completed study from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds, aged 25 to 70 years old with skin phototypes IV-VI, and presenting with mild to moderate uneven skin tone, hyperpigmentation, and skin roughness. After completing a 1-week washout period, all subjects started using a 2-MNG -containing product regimen, consisting of a serum (applied morning and evening) and a sunscreen SPF 30 (applied 15min before sun exposure) for 12 weeks. Evaluations included clinical assessments, quality-of-life questionnaires, plus clinical imaging at several time points.

Results: After 2 weeks of using the 2-MNG-containing product regimen (serum & SPF30), dermatological assessments showed significant improvement in skin brightness and radiance, plus overall skin appearance in all subjects. Starting at Week 4, we clinically observed significant reduction in hyperpigmentation, dyschromia, plus photodamage overtime. Interestingly, clinical expert grading and imaging also demonstrated significant improvement in skin smoothness, fine lines, and pores appearances. By Week 12, all subjects perceived a significant improvement in quality-of-life: from feeling less embarrassed and unattractive to decreasing the use of camouflage to cover up skin discoloration-related concerns.

Conclusions: In summary, our results demonstrate that a 2-MNG-containing product regimen, consisting of a serum and sunscreen SPF30, can effectively improve overall skin tone and quality in patients of color with facial dyschromia-related concerns. The significant improvement in overall quality-of- life experienced by clinical participants after using product regimen overtime may help support clinicians on skin-aging prevention and photoprotection strategies to consider for all patients, particularly for patients of color.

Disclosures: HD is an employee of La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, L’Oreal USA. SL is an employee of L’Oréal USA Research and Innovation. Dr. AA is a researcher and consultant for L’Oreal.

Funding: This work was supported by La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique US.

References:

1. Venkatesh S, Maymone MBC, Vashi NA, et al. Aging in skin of color. Clin Dermatol. 2019 Jul-Aug;37(4):351-357.
2. Campiche R, Trevisan S, Séroul P, et al. Appearance of aging signs in differently pigmented facial skin by a novel imaging system. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019 Apr;18(2):614- 627.
3. Callender VD, Harvey VM, Hartman CL, et al. Do Women with Skin of Color Think They Are Well Represented in Skin Aging Prevention Information? J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2024 Apr;17(4):18-22.

Evaluation of skin physiological properties in cutaneous biopsies of healthy peri- and post-menopausal females after application of an enhanced serum containing plant adaptogens for skin impacted by hormonal decline

Presenters: Moradi A,¹ Draelos ZD,² Guiotto A,³ Pecorelli A,³ Smathers A⁴

Affiliations: ¹Moradi M.D., Vista, CA; ²Dermatology Consulting Services, PLLC, High Point, NC; ³Dept. of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; ⁴skinbetter science, a Dermatological Beauty Brand of L’Oréal USA, Inc.

Background: Estrogen depletion impacts the skin through decreased production of types I and III collagen and elastin fibers, a diminished rate of cell renewal, impaired ability to retain moisture, and disruption to the natural barrier function.

Objectives: Evaluate histological changes from skin biopsies obtained from peri- and post-menopausal females using an enhanced serum containing plant adaptogens (MYS-EDS) at baseline and 16 weeks.

Methods: Volunteers with menopause-related visible skin changes who were participating in a multi-center, open-label trial agreed to have skin biopsies obtained at baseline and 16 weeks from unexposed skin of the volar upper arm (VUA; chronologic aging) and exposed skin from the dorsal forearm (DF; photoaging). Biopsies were evaluated for collagen and elastin (Collagen I, Collagen III, Elastin, MMP-2, MMP-9), and hydration (Claudin I).

Results: Skin biopsies were obtained from ten (n=10) subjects. Compared to baseline, at 16 weeks there were improvements in strength and elasticity of skin, hydration, and skin barrier support as shown by increases in Elastin (DF,+92% [p<.05], VUA, +107% [p<.005]); Collagen I (DF, +21%, [ns]; VUA, +26% [p<.05]); Collagen III (DF, +38%, VUA, +93% [all, p<.05]); and Claudin I (DF, +36% [p<.005], VUA, +59% [p<.05]); as well as reductions in MMP-2 after 16 weeks (DF, -30% [p<.05];  VUA, -37% [p<.005]); and MMP-9 (DF, -13% [ns], VUA, -43% [p<.005]).

Conclusion: Twice-daily use of MYS-EDS in peri- and post-menopausal subjects demonstrated significant histological changes from baseline over 16 weeks confirming an increase in collagen and elastin in both photoaged and chronologically aged skin.

Disclosures: AS is an employee of skinbetter science.

Funding: This study was sponsored by skinbetter science, a Dermatological Beauty Brand of L’Oréal USA, Inc.

Efficacy and tolerability of a topical cosmetic hydrating serum with aesthetic facial injections or following microneedling

Presenters: Moradi A,¹ De Leon J,² Poehler J,² Huang P,³ Makino E³

Affiliations: ¹Moradi MD, San Diego, CA; ²Pacific Clinical Innovations, Vista, CA; ³Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie company, Irvine, CA

Background: Facial injections and microneedling are common aesthetic in-office procedures aimed at addressing deep lines and volume loss as well as inducing collagen and elastin production in the skin. A number of cosmetic skin products have been shown to improve the appearance of the skin and can complement the results of these in-office procedures by targeting global skin parameters not addressed by the procedures themselves. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a next-generation topical hydrating serum (HCH) in conjunction with facial injections or microneedling to improve the appearance of dull, dry, and rough-looking skin.      

Methods: An 8-week, single-center, open-label study enrolled males and females (≥20-65 years of age) with moderate to severe lack of dewiness (Grade 4-9), mild to moderate global fine lines and wrinkles (Grade 3-6), and mild to moderate rough skin texture (Grade 3-6) who received a pre-elected aesthetic facial injection within the last 2 to 4 weeks (Group 1) or a pre-elected microneedling procedure (Group 2). Participants applied HCH twice a day on the full face. Endpoints included investigator-assessed dewy hydrated skin, dryness, fine lines and wrinkles (periocular, cheeks, and forehead), and the participant self-assessment questionnaire. The tolerability of HCH was assessed throughout the study.

Results: Of 30 female participants (n=15 per group), 47% had Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype IV. Among the pre-elected injection group, 86% of participants received a neuromodulator in the glabella, forehead, canthus, or crow’s feet area of the face. Within the microneedling group, 93% of participants received a deep procedure (0.8 – 2.4mm in depth). Significant increases on the Dewy Hydrated Skin Scale were observed at weeks 2, 4, and 8 in both groups when compared to baseline (p<0.0005 for both groups).  At Weeks 2, 4, and 8 dryness decreased in both the facial injection and microneedling group (39%, 48%, and 80% vs 25%, 29%, and 78%, respectively; p<0.008).  Significant decreases in fine lines and wrinkles were observed in the periocular (44% for both), forehead (37% vs 30%), left cheek (49% vs 45%), and right cheek area at week 8 (49% vs 39%, facial injection and microneedling group, respectively; p<0.005 and p<0.02). Participant self-assessments showed high overall improvement in skin hydration (100% vs 93%, facial injection and microneedling group, respectively) and high overall satisfaction with using HCH after an in-office procedure (100% for both groups) at Week 8. HCH was well tolerated, with the majority of tolerability parameters remaining below mild.

Conclusion: HCH is an effective and well tolerated adjuvant when used in combination with facial injections or microneedling to improve mild to severe facial dryness.

Disclosures: AM is a clinical investigator for Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie company. JDL and JP have no conflicts to disclose. PH and EM are employees of AbbVie Inc and may own AbbVie stock.

Funding: This study was sponsored by Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie company. The design, study conduct, and financial support for the study were provided by Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie company. AbbVie participated in the interpretation of data, review, and approval of the publication. Medical writing and editorial assistance were provided by Shenavia Balcom-Luker, PhD, of AbbVie Inc. and funded by AbbVie Inc.

What are topical adaptogens? A systematic review and proposed system to identify and categorize skin adaptogens in dermatology

Presenters: Blyumin-Karasik, M, Colon J, Karasik D, Nguyen S, Woolery-Lloyd H, Lain E

Background: Topical adaptogens are emerging bioactive skincare ingredients that enhance skin resilience by mitigating intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Although adaptogens are primarily botanicals that have demonstrated dermatologic potential, a standardized system to classify and identify their mechanisms of action is lacking.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane databases to identify studies from the last 20 years involving topically applied botanical adaptogens. Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, or human trials designating compounds as adaptogens. From 643 screened articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis.

Results: A total of 29 botanicals were identified as topical adaptogens. These compounds demonstrated multi-targeting and homeostatic effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, immune modulation, hormonal regulation, enhancement of skin barrier function, and optimization of the regenerative function. The authors developed a comprehensive MOA-based classification system to evaluate adaptogens’ safety, efficacy, and adaptogenic activity in skin.

Conclusion: This study identifies 29 topical adaptogens and introduces a novel classification system based on their mechanisms of action. By defining criteria for topical adaptogenic activity, this system offers a foundational framework for evaluating and advancing cosmeceutical ingredients in dermatology. Further studies are warranted to validate additional adaptogenic agents and explore their applications in skin health and aesthetics.

Peri-procedural use of hypochlorous acid mist for improving healing and cosmetic outcomes of the face after laser

Presenters: Blyumin-Karasik M, Colon J, Gaer S, Vigil I, Nguyen S, Rosen J

Background: Laser resurfacing treatments such as UltraClear®, CO2RE®, and GentleMax Pro® have revolutionized dermatological procedures by improving skin texture, tone, and overall quality. However, optimal peri-procedural management remains crucial to minimize side effects, support healing, and achieve the best cosmetic outcomes. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a naturally occurring oxidant with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, has shown success in supporting and accelerating wound healing and reducing post-procedural scarring. This case series investigates the use of stabilized HOCl mist in the peri-procedural care of patients undergoing laser resurfacing.

Methods: Ten patients underwent treatment with UltraClear®, CO2RE®, and/or GentleMax Pro® laser with peri-procedural application of 0.02% HOCl mist. The mist was applied immediately before and after the procedure, with patients instructed to continue application twice daily for one week post-treatment. Follow-up assessments at 1 to 3 weeks and 1 to 3 months post-procedure included clinical photography, tolerability evaluation, and aesthetic outcome assessment. Variables analyzed included Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA), 4-point Edema Scale, Investigator Global Assessment of Pigmentation Scale (IPA), and Global Aesthetic Improvement scores using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Use of HOCl mist was associated with accelerated recovery, including a noticeable reduction in erythema and pigmentation. Statistically significant improvements were observed in CEA (p=0.007) and IPA (p=0.012) scores, indicating reduced clinical severity and pigment alteration. Edema and GAIS scores showed no statistically significant change.

Discussion: Findings suggest that stabilized HOCl mist is well-tolerated and may aid in post-procedural recovery by minimizing common side effects and reducing discomfort. Patients reported improved skin appearance and satisfaction with outcomes.

Conclusion: This case series supports the potential role of stabilized HOCl mist as a beneficial adjunct in post-laser skincare, contributing to faster healing, reduced inflammation, and enhanced cosmetic results.

Laser and skin-care synergy: A post-laser application of novel adaptogenic moisturizing serum for improving healing and cosmetic results on the face

Presenters: Blyumin-Karasik M, Colon J, Nguyen S, Rosen J

Background: Laser treatments are widely used for facial rejuvenation, targeting pigmentation and photoaging. However, post-procedure skin is vulnerable and benefits from supportive topical agents. Adaptogens are botanical-derived compounds known to improve skin resilience and repair, as a result, presenting a novel avenue for post-laser recovery enhancement. In this case series, we evaluate the cosmetic and healing benefits of a novel adaptogenic moisturizing serum (AMS) applied after facial laser procedures.

Methods: Eight patients underwent treatment with either a long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser or a 1064-nm picosecond laser, with or without chemical peels. Following each session, patients applied AMS twice daily. The serum contains botanical adaptogens (e.g., curcumin, gotu kola, cordyceps, resveratrol) and hydrating agents (eg, hyaluronic acid, ceramides, squalene). Clinical efficacy was assessed through blinded evaluation of before and after photographs using a modified Griffiths photodamage photonumeric scale. Patient self-reports on tolerability and cosmetic satisfaction were also collected.

Results: All patients tolerated AMS well, with no adverse reactions. Significant improvement in skin photodamage was observed (p=0.0078), with a median photodamage score reduction of 3.5. Patients reported smoother texture, enhanced hydration, improved radiance, and expressed willingness to continue AMS use post-recovery.

Conclusion: The combination of laser treatment and AMS application resulted in enhanced aesthetic outcomes and well-tolerated skin recovery. These findings suggest that adaptogen-based topical agents may be a valuable adjunct in post-laser dermatologic care. Further prospective, controlled studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these results.

Optimizing acne management with skincare adapting to the patient’s profile 

Presenters: Dréno B,¹ Lynde CW,² Angus J,³ Andriessen A,⁴ Guénin S,⁵ Barańska-Rybak W⁶ Ilter N,⁷ Karolak K,⁸ Lanssens S,⁹ Staubach P¹⁰

Affiliations: ¹Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, Nantes, France; ²Medical Director, The Lynde Institute for Dermatology & Lynderm Research Inc, Markam, ON, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³Dermatology Dept North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol UK; ⁴Radboud UMC, Andriessen Consultants, Malden, The Netherlands; ⁵Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY; ⁶Professor of Dermatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland; ⁷Dermatology, Gazi University Med. School, Dept. of Dermatology, Ankara, Turkey; ⁸Dermatologist, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands; ⁹Dermatology Maldegem, Belgium; ¹⁰Department of Dermatology, Clinical Research, Dermatology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany

Background: Acne is a multifactorial disease with complex pathophysiology. Increasing research has pointed towards the critical role of the epidermal barrier in acne-affected skin.  Acne has been associated with skin inflammation, decreased epidermal barrier function, and excess sebum production. Effective acne treatment should include both prescription treatment and complementary skincare regimens. Correct skincare choices for acne are paramount in improving patient outcomes for various acne patient profiles.

Objective: This review offers insights into the evolving understanding of the skin barrier’s significance in acne treatment and its relevance in optimizing acne management through skincare for diverse acne patient characteristics.

Methods: A panel of 8 European dermatologists with extensive experience and knowledge in treating acne patients were selected to participate in a panel discussion. Before the discussion, a structured literature review was conducted to ask the question: How is the epidermal barrier function related to acne treatment regimens? The search aimed to evaluate current best practices in acne treatment and address both prescription and non-prescription acne products in a comprehensive acne regimen. Emphasis was placed on skincare as monotherapy, adjunctive and maintenance acne treatment. Expert panel discussion was used to generate expert opinion-based guidelines in considering the best skincare regimens for select patients.

Results: The explorative literature search yielded 118 publications comprising of 11 guideline, algorithm, or consensus papers, 21 clinical studies, 32 systematic reviews, 36 reviews, 5 books, 5 quality of life studies, and 8 epidemiological studies. Based on the literature, clinical experience, and expert opinion, the European panel concluded that effective topical and systemic acne treatment should include recommendations for daily skincare with cleansers and moisturizers while considering various patient characteristics such as age, gender, concomitant inflammatory skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis or rosacea), and sequelae associated with phototypes such as skin sensitivity and post-inflammatory dyschromia for darker phototypes III-VI. Experts agreed that skincare monotherapy can reduce acne lesion counts and maintain clearance in patients with mild acne. In addition, adjunctive skincare may enhance the efficacy and improve tolerability of acne treatment, reduce pigmentary alterations, and improve skin barrier function

Conclusion: Personalized skincare regimens for acne patients may significantly improve adherence and tolerance to treatment and optimize acne patient outcomes.

Funding: Poster supported by educational grant from CeraVe International.

Long-term efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% gel for acne: Pooled results from two 6-month studies

Presenters: Draelos ZD,¹ Baldwin H,^2,3 Harper JC,⁴ Ghannoum M,^5,6 Gold LS,⁷ Tanghetti EA,⁸ Guenin E,⁹ Kircik LH^10-12

Affiliations: ¹Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC; ²The Acne Treatment and Research Center, Brooklyn, NY; ³Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ; ⁴Dermatology & Skin Care Center of Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; ⁵Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; ⁶University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; ⁷Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; ⁸Center for Dermatology and Laser Surgery, Sacramento, CA; ⁹Ortho Dermatologics,* Bridgewater, NJ; ¹⁰Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; ¹¹Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; ¹²Physicians Skin Care, DermResearch, and Skin Sciences, Louisville, KY

Background: Acne treatment may take months to years in some cases due to the chronic nature of the condition. Even after lesions are cleared, acne sequelae, such as scarring and dyspigmentation, may remain, and can be more distressing to patients than the acne itself. Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% (CAB) gel is the only approved triple-combination topical acne treatment. CAB gel demonstrated superior efficacy to vehicle and its component dyads and a favorable safety and tolerability profile in 12-week phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials of moderate to severe acne.

Objective: The long-term efficacy and tolerability of CAB gel and its impacts on acne scarring and dyspigmentation were evaluated in this pooled analysis.

Methods: Data were pooled from two identical, 24-week, single-center, open-label studies of once-daily CAB gel in 50 participants ≥12 years with moderate or severe acne (Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA] score=3 or 4) to evaluate changes from baseline in IGA score and inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions. Investigator-assessed skin appearance (dryness, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation [PIH], postinflammatory erythema [PIE]) and participant-assessed tolerability (itching, burning, redness, swelling) were evaluated on a 5-point scale (0 [none] to 4 [severe]). Scarring was assessed using the Goodman Qualitative Scar Scale. Adverse events were also assessed.

Results: Of 50 participants enrolled, 45 completed the studies. The mean age was 22 years, 76% were female, and all Fitzpatrick skin types were represented. At week 24, 67% of participants achieved treatment success, which was defined as a ≥2-grade reduction in IGA score from baseline and clear/almost clear skin. Additionally, significant reductions in inflammatory lesions (88%) and noninflammatory lesions (68%) were observed (P<0.001 vs baseline, both). At week 24, PIH improved by 71%, PIE decreased by 77%, and scarring severity was reduced by 33% from baseline (P<0.001, all). Mean scores for skin dryness remained low (<0.15). Most participants (>70%) reported no tolerability issues across all time points. A total of 7 adverse events occurred during the studies; 4 were related to study product, and 3 led to study discontinuation.

Conclusion: In this pooled analysis, CAB gel treatment resulted in significant and continued improvements in acne lesions, scarring, and dyspigmentation over 6 months of once-daily use. Further, CAB gel was well tolerated and no new safety or tolerability signals were observed. These results support the long-term use of CAB gel as a topical acne treatment.

Disclosures: Bausch Health US, LLC is an affiliate of Bausch Health Companies Inc. Ortho Dermatologics is a division of Bausch Health US, LLC. ZDD received funding from Ortho Dermatologics. HB has served as an advisor, as an investigator, and on speakers’ bureaus for Almirall, Cassiopea, Foamix, Galderma, Ortho Dermatologics, Sol Gel, and Sun Pharma. JCH has received honoraria from Almirall, Cutera, Galderma, LaRoche-Posay, Ortho Dermatologics, and Sun Pharma. MG has acted as a consultant or received contracts from Scynexis, Inc., Bausch & Lomb, Pfizer, and Mycovia. LSG has served as an investigator/consultant or speaker for Ortho Dermatologics, LEO Pharma, Dermavant, Incyte, Novartis, AbbVie, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, UCB, Arcutis, and Lilly. EAT has served as speaker for Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Sun Pharma, Lilly, Galderma, AbbVie, and Dermira; served as a consultant/on clinical studies for Hologic, Ortho Dermatologics, and Galderma; and is a stockholder for Accure. EG is an employee of Ortho Dermatologics and may hold stock and/or stock options in its parent company. LHK has served as either a consultant, speaker, advisor, or investigator for Allergan, Almirall, EPI Health, Galderma, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, and Sun Pharma.

Funding: Funding provided by Ortho Dermatologics.

A single center, open-label clinical trial evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of an advanced skin brightener in subjects with mild-to-severe dyschromia/hyperpigmentation

Presenters: Draelos ZDD,¹ Nelson DB²

Affiliations: ¹Dermatology Consulting Service, PLLC, High Point, NC; ²skinbetter science, a Dermatological Beauty brand of L’Oréal USA, Inc., Phoenix, AZ

Background: Hyperpigmentation is multifactorial and thus is a challenging condition to treat. A new multi-modal skin tone correcting serum formulated using b.r.y.t.e.r. biotechnology targets five primary pathways of melanin synthesis to mitigate persistent pigmentation, resurface and exfoliate skin, and reduce unwanted brown, red and yellow discoloration.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of a new skin tone correcting serum (EV-I) used alone and in combination with a double-conjugated retinoid/alpha hydroxy acid cream (AHARet) in subjects with mild-to-severe dyschromia/ hyperpigmentation.

Methods: A single-center, open-label 12-week trial enrolled healthy females, 30-65 years,  with mild-to-severe dyschromia/hyperpigmentation according to a 6-point grading scale (0=None to 5=Very Severe). All subjects applied EV-I twice-daily for 12 weeks with a subset of subjects also applying AHARet nightly for 12 weeks. Investigator assessment of pigmentation was graded according to the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) Scale at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Investigator evaluation of skin dullness and texture/roughness was assessed using a 6-point grading scale (0=None to 5=Very Severe). Erythema and dryness/flaking was assessed using a 4-point grading scale (0=None to 3=Severe). Subjects completed self-assessment questionnaires at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Adverse Events (AEs) were collected throughout the study.

Results: Subjects enrolled in the EV-I (N=40) and EV-I/AHARet (N=25) groups were similar with a mean age of 53 years, predominantly Caucasian and non-Hispanic, and the majority of subjects presenting with moderate-to-severe dyschromia/hyperpigmentation. Significant mean percent improvements from baseline were demonstrated in both groups based on the MASI scale at 12 Weeks (EV-I, 42% [p<.0001] with additional improvements noted with combination use (EV-I/AHARet, 47% [p<.0001]). Significant mean improvements from baseline were demonstrated in both groups in skin texture (EV-I, 46%; EV-I/AHARet, 59% ) and dullness (EV-I, 47% ; EV-I/AHARet, 59% [all, p<.0001]) at 12 Weeks. There were no increases in dryness/flaking or erythema observed in either group. Subject satisfaction was high in both groups throughout the study, with >80% of subjects reporting that their skin tone was more even-looking, brighter, less discolored and less dull-looking at Week 4. At 12 weeks, 90% of subjects in the EV-I group reported that the brown/dark spots or patches on their skin were lighter in appearance.

Conclusion: A multi-modal skin tone correcting serum developed to target the five primary pathways of melanin synthesis demonstrated significant improvements in MASI scores, and in skin texture and dullness. Additional and significant improvements were demonstrated in subjects using both the skin tone correcting serum and a double- conjugated/alpha hydroxy acid cream. No increases in dryness/flaking or erythema were observed throughout the study.

Disclosures: Dr. Draelos was a study investigator, and Ms. Nelson is an employee of skinbetter science.

Funding: This study was sponsored by skinbetter science, a Dermatological Beauty brand of L’Oréal USA, Inc.

A multi-center, open-label clinical trial evaluating a plant adaptogen serum for improvement in facial skin quality in females impacted by hormonal decline

Presenters: Draelos ZD,¹ Moradi A,²
Smathers A³

Affiliations: ¹Dermatology Consulting Services, PLLC, High Point, NC; ²Moradi M.D., Vista, CA; ³skinbetter science, a Dermatological Beauty Brand of L’Oréal USA, Inc.

Objectives: Evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of an enhanced serum containing plant adaptogens (MYS-EDS) in peri- and post-menopausal females.

Methods: A multi-center, open-label trial enrolled female subjects (aged 47-67 years) with menopause-related visible skin changes. Investigators assessed lines/wrinkles, elastosis/crepiness, skin quality parameters, TEWL, skin hydration, and safety. Subjects completed self-assessment questionnaires; Adverse Events (AEs) were captured throughout the study.

Results: Fifty-five subjects were enrolled; 53 subjects completed the study (55 years, mean age). Most subjects were non-Hispanic (92%) and FST I-III (78%); 29% were peri-menopausal, 71% were post-menopausal. Significant improvements from baseline were observed at week 16 in elasticity (32%) and lines/wrinkles (22%; all p<.001), as well as in erythema (65%), dullness (49%), texture/roughness (53%), pore size (23%) and uneven pigmentation (28%; all p<.0001). Improvements in skin hydration and TEWL measurements were significant after initial application of study product (35%, p<.0001; n=44) with sustained improvement through 16 weeks (60%, p<.0001). Subjects reported high levels of satisfaction as early as 4 weeks. At 16 weeks, 94% of subjects reported skin looks and feels more hydrated, 92% reported skin looks rejuvenated and feels revitalized, and 90% agreed skin looks plumper, revived and feels reenergized. There was 1 possibly-related Adverse Event that resolved without sequelae; no subject discontinued the study or product due to an AE.

Conclusion: Twice-daily use of MYS-EDS in peri- and post-menopausal subjects demonstrated significant reductions in the appearance of elastosis and line/wrinkles from baseline over 16 weeks. Subjects reported improvements in the overall quality of their skin.

Disclosures: AS is an employee of skinbetter science.

Funding: This study was sponsored by skinbetter science, a Dermatological Beauty Brand of L’Oréal USA, Inc.

A single-center, blinded, split-face controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a serum containing plant adaptogens compared to a moisturizer pre- and post-fractional laser in subjects with mild-to-moderate photodamage

Presenters: Watchmaker J,¹ Nelson DB²

Affiliations: ¹Southwest Skin Specialists, Scottsdale, AZ; ²skinbetter science, Phoenix, AZ

Background: Integrating skincare products before and after laser resurfacing procedures helps support skin quality and patient outcomes. Plant adaptogens are rich phytochemicals that promote homeostasis helping to increase resistance to stress, mitigate inflammation, and prevent premature aging.¹ A serum containing plant adaptogens demonstrated significant improvements from baseline in global skin quality in subjects with mild-to-severe facial photodamage over 12 weeks.²

Objectives: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of a serum containing plant adaptogens (MYS) compared to a moisturizer pre- and post-laser treatment.

Design: A single-center, investigator blinded, split-face controlled study enrolled females 35-65 years of age with mild-to-moderate photodamaged skin (score of 3-6) based on a 10-point grading scale including at least two visible signs of photodamage: erythema, prominent/ enlarged pores, dull/sallow skin tone, rough skin texture, and uneven pigmentation. Subjects were randomly assigned to apply MYS to the right or left side of their face followed by a moisturizing lotion (ML), twice-daily for two weeks; on the opposite side of their face, subjects applied the ML only, twice-daily for two weeks. Following a single fractional laser treatment (Fraxel® 1927, 10 mJ, 35-40%, 8 passes), subjects applied products per initial assignment through Day 10 (up to 2 additional applications of ML only to either side of their face was permitted). Investigator and subject assessed tolerability occurred immediately post-procedure and on Days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10 using a 4-point grading scale (0=None to 3=Severe). Investigator assessment of global skin healing utilized a 5-point grading scale (0=Poor to 4= Excellent) on Days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Global skin quality was calculated utilizing our Global Skin Quality Index (total sum of scores combined for erythema, dullness, texture, pore size and uneven pigmentation using 6-point grading scales [0=None to 5=Very Serve]) based on investigator assessments at Baseline, Week 2 (pre-procedure), and Day 10 (post-procedure). Adverse Events (AEs) were captured throughout the study.

Results: Fifteen females completed the study (52 years, mean age). All AEs were temporary and procedurally related. Subjects reported significantly less dryness/flaking on the MYS side of their face vs. the ML side on Day 4 (p=.04). According to investigator assessments, significantly less dryness occurred on the MYS side vs. ML side on Days 1 and 2 (p=.05 and p=.001, respectively). Less erythema occurred on the MYS side vs. ML side (29% vs. 17%) on Day 2. Significant mean improvements occurred in global skin healing on the MYS side vs. ML side occurred on Days 1, 2, and 4 (p=.04, p=.003, p=.003, respectively). No significant differences occurred at Days 7 and 10. Significant mean improvements in global skin quality occurred on the MYS side vs. ML side at Week 2 (pre-procedure) and Day 10 (post-procedure [p=.03 and p=.001, respectively]).

Conclusion: Integrating the use of a serum containing plant adaptogens before and after a fractional laser treatment demonstrated significant mean improvements in global skin healing compared to a moisturizer alone on Days 1, 2, and 4 post-procedure, and resulted in significant mean improvements in global skin quality pre- and post-procedure.

Disclosures: Dr. Watchmaker was the study investigator, and Ms. Nelson is an employee of skinbetter science.

Funding: This study was sponsored by skinbetter science, LLC.

References:

1. Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing. J Physiol. 2017;595(24):7275-7309.
2. Draelos ZD, Grimes PE, Watchmaker J, Nelson DB. A multi-center trial evaluating a serum comprised of plant-based adaptogens targeting skin quality. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2024;17(2):15-19.

Long-term clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% gel use and assessing Cutibacterium acnes susceptibility: A 6-month open-label analysis

Presenters: Ghannoum M,^1,2 Eltokhy A,¹ Sewake J,¹ McCormick T,¹ Bhatia N,³ Baldwin, H,^4,5 Gold LS,⁶ Harper JC,⁷ Zeichner JA,⁸ Lain E,⁹ Callender VD,^10,11 Guenin E,¹² Draelos ZD¹³

Affiliations: ¹Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; ²University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; ³Therapeutics Clinical Research, San Diego, CA; ⁴The Acne Treatment and Research Center, Brooklyn, NY; ⁵Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ; ⁶Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; ⁷Dermatology & Skin Care Center of Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; ⁸Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; ⁹Austin Institute for Clinical Research, Austin, TX; ¹⁰Callender Dermatology and Cosmetic Center, Glenn Dale, MD; ¹¹Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC; ¹²Ortho Dermatologics,* Bridgewater, NJ; ¹³Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC

Background: The only approved triple-combination acne treatment, clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% (CAB) gel, demonstrated superior efficacy to vehicle with favorable safety/tolerability in 12-week phase 2 and phase 3 trials of moderate to severe acne. However, acne treatment in the real world may require 6 months for maximum benefits in some cases. One concern with long-term antibiotic use is the development of antibiotic resistance in the causative bacterium Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes).

Objective: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of long-term CAB use on C. acnes strains, including clindamycin susceptibility.

Methods: Two identical, 24-week, single-center, open-label studies evaluated once-daily CAB in participants ≥12 years with moderate or severe acne (Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA] of 3 or 4); pooled data from these studies were analyzed. Plates inoculated with central forehead swabs collected from study participants at baseline and week 24 were monitored for C. acnes colony formation. Clindamycin susceptibility was assessed via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values using Epsilometer tests; MIC ≥8 µg/mL indicated resistance.

Results: Of 50 participants enrolled, 45 completed the studies. At baseline, C. acnes strains were isolated from 82% (37/45) of participants. Following 24 weeks of CAB treatment, participants with cultivable isolates were reduced by nearly half to 44% (20/45). MIC values remained low (mean: 0.19 µg/mL) for clindamycin-susceptible strains isolated at week 24. Only 1 participant without any bacterial growth at baseline had cultivable C. acnes at week 24; this isolate was deemed clindamycin susceptible. There was no change from baseline in clindamycin-resistant isolates; only the 5 participants (11%) with resistant C. acnes isolates at baseline also had resistant isolates at study end. Notably, all 5 of these participants had acne improvements at week 24 (IGA decrease, 1-3 points; lesion reductions, 40%-100%).

Conclusion: In these 24-week studies, CAB gel did not lead to the development of antibiotic resistance and was efficacious in participants with clindamycin-resistant C. acnes isolates at baseline. Further, CAB treatment resulted in an almost 50% reduction from baseline in participants with cultivable C. acnes isolates, demonstrating elimination of C. acnes strains. Taken together with previously published efficacy analyses, these data suggest CAB gel is well suited to long-term acne treatment.

Disclosures: Ortho Dermatologics is a division of Bausch Health US, LLC. MG has acted as a consultant or received contracts from Scynexis, Inc, Bausch & Lomb, Pfizer, and Mycovia. NB has served as advisor, consultant, and investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Biofrontera, BI, Brickell, BMS, EPI Health, Ferndale, Galderma, InCyte, ISDIN, J&J, LaRoche-Posay, LEO Pharma, Ortho Dermatologics, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Verrica, and Vyne. HB has served as advisor, as investigator, and on speakers bureaus for Almirall, Cassiopea, Foamix, Galderma, Ortho Dermatologics, Sol Gel, and Sun Pharma. Linda Stein Gold has served as investigator/consultant or speaker for Ortho Dermatologics, LEO Pharma, Dermavant, Incyte, Novartis, AbbVie, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, UCB, Arcutis, and Lilly. JCH has received honoraria from Almirall, Cutera, Galderma, LaRoche-Posay, Ortho Dermatologics, and Sun Pharma. Joshua A. Zeichner has served as advisor, consultant, or speaker for AbbVie, Allergan, Dermavant, Dermira, EPI Health, Galderma, Incyte, Johnson and Johnson, L’Oreal, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Procter and Gamble, Regeneron, Sun Pharma, UCB, Unilever, and Vyne. EL has served as investigator, consultant and/or speaker for Ortho Dermatologics, AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arcutis, Dermavant, EPI Health, Galderma, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, UCB, Endo International, ChemoCentryx, Biorasi, Sirnaomics, Evelo Biosciences, Concert Pharmaceuticals, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Mindera, Biofrontera, Alfasigma, AiViva Biopharma, Anaptys Bio, Bausch Health, Dr Reddy’s, and Trevi Therapeutics. VDC has served as an investigator, consultant, or speaker for Acne Store, Almirall, Aerolase, AbbVie, Allergan Aesthetics, Avava, Avita Medical, Beiersdorf, Cutera, Dermavant, Eirion Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, Jeune Aesthetics, L’Oréal, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Prollineum, Regeneron, Scientis, Sente, SkinBetter Science, SkinCeuticals, Symatese, Teoxane, and UpToDate. EG is an employee of Ortho Dermatologics and may hold stock and/or stock options in its parent company. ZDD received funding from Ortho Dermatologics to conduct the research presented in this poster. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.

Funding: Funding provided by Ortho Dermatologics.

A multi-center clinical evaluation of new post-procedure product integration

Presenters: Pasquarello J,¹ Anderson MB,²

Avey K,³ Barba A,⁴Cardena G, DeLaGarza A,⁵ Dodson S,⁶ Smith LE,⁷ Haugen N,⁸Klawitter K,⁹Frost JM,¹⁰Poor D,¹¹Corina K,¹²Robinson M,¹³Swendieman J,¹⁴Zimmerman E,¹⁵Zepponi J¹⁶

Affiliations: ¹Robertson Cosmetic Center, Middleton, WI; ²Columbus Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery; ³Tailored Aesthetics Medical Spa; ⁴In the Nude Skincare; ⁵Glow Skin by Gaby; ⁶Rumors Wellness MedSpa; ⁷Belle Ame Aesthetics; ⁸Aesthetic Nirvana; ⁹A Glo Spa; ¹⁰A Younger You Medical Spa; ¹¹Beyond Skin Aesthetics;  ¹²Le Beau Visage; ¹³Robertson Cosmetic Center; ¹⁴Realm Esthetics; ¹⁵Genesis MedSpa; ¹⁴Renew Delta Medical Spa

Background: Minimally invasive aesthetic procedures have grown in demand due to their ability to deliver visible results with lowerdowntime. However, even non-ablative procedures can be associated with post-treatment side effects including erythema, skin tightness, increased heat sensation, and social downtime. The original Colorescience® Finishing Touch Protocol® (FTP 1.0 Treatment SPF products) developed and evaluated through a series of published clinical studies, including a multi-center white paper and peer-reviewed publications that established its safety and efficacy across a range of non-ablative treatments and demonstrated improvements in comfort, appearance, and post-treatment confidence across a variety of in-office treatments. (see references for the previous studies) Building upon that foundation, Finishing Touch Protocol® (FTP 2.0 SPF products) reflect updated product use patterns aligned with evolving practice preferences and patient needs.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate FTP 2.0 SPF products incorporated into the Finishing Touch Protocol® across a broad range of procedures with updated product combinations for subject efficacy and tolerability as well as investigator ease of use and clinical integration. The original protocol included All Calm® Clinical Redness Corrector SPF 50 and Even Up® Clinical Pigment Perfector® SPF 50 as the SPF options. In this study, newer formulas were evaluated for efficacy and tolerability including Total Protection® Face Shield SPF 50 (Classic, Glow, Bronze, Flex), Total Protection® No-Show™ Mineral Sunscreen SPF 50, Tint du Soleil® SPF 30, and Total Protection® Color Balms SPF 50. This study included the continued use of Total Eye® 3-in-1 Renewal SPF 35, Total Protection® Brush-On Shield® SPF 50, Mineral Corrector Palette SPF 20, Peptide Lip Shine SPF 30, and Hydrating Mist.

Methods: Subjects (n=32) undergoing non-ablative aesthetic treatments which included but not limited to enzyme facials, HydraFacials®, DiamondGlow®, chemical peels, dermal fillers, neuromodulators, fractional laser resurfacing, microneedling, and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy, were enrolled across 17 centers. Immediately post-procedure, subjects evaluated their physical sensation and visible appearance prior to FTP 2.0 SPF product application. After the in-clinic application of the full FTP 2.0 SPF product regimen, subjects re-evaluated their appearance and comfort. Follow-up safety and satisfaction assessments were conducted at 48 hours and 5 days post-procedure. Investigators also completed structured evaluations regarding ease of use, education, subject outcomes, and clinical integration.

Results: Investigator Results—Clinical Observations Immediately Post Finishing Touch Protocol® Application: 90% of investigators reported the products soothed and improved skin comfort; 95% of investigators reported the products decreased or neutralized post-procedure redness; 100% of investigators reported subjects felt more confident about their appearance. Investigator Ease of Protocol Adoption: 97% of investigators reported the products are easy to apply post-procedure; 100% of investigators reported it was easy to educate subjects on products in the treatment room; 100% of investigators reported that they: Will integrate the Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products into their clinic post-procedure protocol; Will recommend the Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products to fellow aesthetic professionals; Will recommend the Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products for home care.

Subject Results­—The top three subject concerns reported immediately post-procedure before the Finishing Touch Protocol® application were erythema/redness, tightness, and heat sensation. Post-treatment application of the FTP 2.0 SPF product regimen resulted in relief across all commonly reported post-procedure symptoms, with varying degrees of improvement. Subjects experienced reductions in erythema, tightness, heat sensation, stinging, burning, and pruritus (itching). The most frequently reported symptoms, erythema, tightness, and heat sensation demonstrated the highest levels of improvement. 97% of subjects agreed or strongly agreed after the immediate application of the Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products they were more confident about their skin’s appearance. 83% of subjects reported after the immediate application of the Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products they would assume their normal daily activities.

At 48 hours post-procedure and with continued home use of the Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products: 96% of subjects felt confident about their skin’s appearance and 92% reported their skin appearance and feel would not limit daily activities.

At the conclusion of 5 days post-procedure and with continued home use of the Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products 97% of subjects were: Likely to rebook their treatment; would recommend Finishing Touch Protocol® 2.0 SPF products to others; would continue using the products at home.

Conclusion: This multi-center evaluation confirms that the FTP 2.0 SPF products offer a safe, effective, and well-tolerated solution for immediate application following a wide range of non-ablative aesthetic procedures. The updated Finishing Touch Protocol® maintains the integrity and patient-centered goals of the original, while reflecting evolving product preferences and innovations in multifunctional sun protection and cosmetic skin recovery. Across both clinical observations and subject-reported outcomes, FTP 2.0 SPF products demonstrated measurable improvements in post- procedure comfort, confidence, and willingness to resume daily activities. These findings reinforce that the Colorescience® Finishing Touch Protocol® remains a clinically proven and professionally endorsed approach to supporting optimal post- procedure outcomes.

References:

1. Jones IT, Guiha I, Fabi SG. Open-label study assessing the efficacy and tolerability of topical skincare and sun protection products following intense pulsed light treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017;1–7.
2. Deaver JP, Katz TM. Open-label study assessing the efficacy and tolerability of topical skin care and sun protection alone and in combination with intense pulsed light therapy. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;1–7.
3. Grieshaber E, Glorioso A. An Open-label Study Assessing the Efficacy and Tolerability of a Post-treatment Skincare Protocol Following Radiofrequency Microneedling for Facial Rejuvenation. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2022;15(5):12–18.
4. Colorescience®. Finishing Touch Protocol® White Paper. Carlsbad, CA: Colorescience, Inc.; June 2018.

A multi center, open label, full face evaluation of the tolerability and efficacy of REGENX RESTORE GEL formula #RD0104-088 versus control to decrease post-operative recovery in non-ablative fractional laser resurfacing for photodamage

Presenters: Lain E, Waibel J, Boyd C

Background: Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure leads to photodamage, manifesting as epidermal thinning, collagen and elastin fiber disorganization, hyaluronic acid (HA) depletion, and overall structural degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These degenerative changes contribute not only to aesthetic concerns such as wrinkling, dyschromia, and loss of elasticity, but also to increased susceptibility to cutaneous malignancies. Non-ablative fractional resurfacing (NAFR) has emerged as a key therapeutic modality in reversing photoaging, offering a favorable safety profile and stimulating dermal remodeling through microthermal injury. However, postoperative downtime and inflammation remain significant limitations to patient satisfaction and treatment adherence.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of REGENX RESTORE GEL, a topical formulation containing urodele collagen extract, in reducing post-operative recovery time and enhancing skin healing following full-face 1550 nm NAFR in subjects with moderate to severe photodamage. Furthermore, secondary objectives included assessing improvement in skin appearance parameters—erythema, edema, dryness/flaking, fine lines/wrinkles, and pigmentation irregularities—via a multimodal evaluation approach.

Methods: Quantitative assessments were conducted on a total of 52 subjects, male and female, aged 30 to 70 years, with Fitzpatrick Skin Type from 1 – 6, across 3 sites using the Canfield Gen 5 VISIA CRP (Primos) imaging system at baseline, Day 3, and Week 4.  Standardized clinical photography and physician visual assessments were performed at baseline, Day 3, Day 5, Day 7, and Week 4. Subject-reported outcomes were captured through validated questionnaires at corresponding intervals. Additionally, histologic evaluations were performed on preauricular punch biopsies to analyze HA content, elastin and collagen deposition, and epidermal thickness, enabling molecular correlation of clinical outcomes with ECM remodeling.

Results: Histological analysis of skin biopsies at 7 days revealed consistent findings of reduced epidermal atrophy, enhanced de novo collagen deposition, reduced solar elastosis, and features indicative of early dermal remodeling in subjects treated with REGENX RESTORE GEL when compared to baseline pretreatment biopsy results. Expert-graded clinical assessments demonstrated greater improvements in key parameters among subjects treated with REGENX RESTORE GEL compared to the control. Specifically, reductions were observed in erythema (mean reduction of 2.1 points vs. 1.6 in control), and dryness (2.7 vs. 2.4), while global skin quality showed a greater mean improvement (2.7 vs. 2.6). These effects were consistent across all study sites and were independent of age, Fitzpatrick skin type, or gender, supporting the broad applicability and enhanced efficacy of REGENX RESTORE GEL in post-laser recovery.

A multi center, open label, full face evaluation of the tolerability and efficacy of REGENX REJUVENATE SERUM formula #RD0104-087G to improve moderately to severely photodamaged skin

Presenters: Lain E, Waibel J, Boyd C

Background: Photodamage is a prevalent dermatologic condition resulting from chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, leading to epidermal thinning, solar elastosis, fragmentation of dermal collagen and elastin fibers, and loss of hyaluronic acid (HA). These cumulative structural alterations contribute to compromised barrier function, reduced hydration, increased skin fragility, and the visible hallmarks of photoaging. Photodamage has been linked not only to aesthetic degradation but also to the development of inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous malignancies. Despite the abundance of topical treatments available, few products demonstrate comprehensive clinical and molecular efficacy in reversing the damage induced by photoaging.

REGENX REJUVENATE SERUM is an advanced topical formulation that includes urodele-derived collagen extract, a patented active shown in preclinical studies to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling by increasing HA, collagen, and elastin synthesis, while also modulating cutaneous inflammation.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and biological impact of twice-daily application of REGENX REJUVENATE SERUM over a 12-week period in subjects with moderate to severely photodamaged facial skin.

Methods: This prospective, open-label, multi-center clinical trial enrolled and completed 40 patients, male and female, aged 30 to 55 years, with Fitzpatrick Skin Types ranging from 1 to 6, across three geographically diverse U.S. sites including Birmingham, Michigan; Austin, Texas; and Miami, Florida. Participants discontinued their regular facial skincare regimens and used exclusively the sponsor-provided facial cleanser, moisturizer, sunscreen, and REGENX REJUVENATE SERUM. Subjects applied the serum twice daily to the entire face over a 12-week period. Inclusion criteria required that subjects exhibited mild to moderately severe signs of photodamage, including erythema, dryness or flaking, fine lines or wrinkles, and dyschromia.

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate improvements in clinical endpoints such as erythema, dryness, fine lines, dyschromia, and overall skin quality. Secondary assessments included expert visual grading of photodamage at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12; high-resolution Canfield Gen 5 VISIA CRP imaging at baseline and week 12; and standardized clinical photography captured from multiple facial angles at each visit. Subject-reported outcome measures were collected using validated questionnaires at baseline and on days 30, 60, and 90 to assess perceived improvements and product tolerability. Product usage and compliance were monitored throughout the study, with subject diaries reviewed at each timepoint. To complement the clinical data with histological analysis, seven subjects from three sites underwent preauricular 2-mm punch biopsies at baseline and again at week 12.

Results: Expert visual grading demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements across all evaluated parameters following 12 weeks of treatment with REGENX REJUVENATE SERUM. On a validated 0–5 ordinal scale (0 = none; 5 = severe), mean erythema scores decreased from 2.7 (mild–moderate) at baseline to 1.00 (minimal), dryness/flaking from 2.9 to 0.7, fine lines/wrinkles from 3.0 (moderate) to 1.4, and dyschromia from 3.2 to 1.7. Global improvement, assessed on a 0–4 scale (0 = none; 4 = marked), increased from a baseline score of 0 (none) to 2.7, indicating a transition toward moderate clinical benefit. These findings support the efficacy of REGENX REJUVENATE SERUM in improving key clinical manifestations of photodamaged skin.

A multi center, open label, full face evaluation of the tolerability and efficacy of REGENX HYDRATE SERUM formula #RD0104-086A to improve skin hydration, skin quality and texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles

Presenters: Lain E, Waibel J, Boyd C

Background: Dry skin affects a substantial portion of the global population, with millions experiencing discomfort and compromised skin function daily. Environmental factors, age, genetics, and lifestyle habits all contributed to its prevalence. With aging, the demand for effective moisturizing products increases due to natural declines in skin barrier integrity and hydration. Despite the availability of numerous skincare products, managing dry skin remains a persistent challenge, underscoring the need for well-substantiated therapeutic approaches.Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been recognized as a potent humectant with the ability to attract and retain moisture, thereby promoting skin elasticity and barrier function. Urodele collagen extract, a proprietary, patented ingredient, has demonstrated the capacity to enhance dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, including HA, collagen, and elastin. Additionally, the extract showed promise in reducing fine lines and improving structural skin integrity.

Objective: This prospective, open-label, multi-center clinical study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of REGENX HYDRATE SERUM in female subjects aged 30–55 years and Fitzpatrick Skin Types ranging between 1 and 6, presenting with moderate photodamage and moderate to severe facial dryness.

Methods: Twenty-six subjects completed the study across three U.S. sites:  Miami, Florida; Birmingham, Michigan; and Austin, Texas. After meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, subjects discontinued their regular skincare regimens and used sponsor-provided cleanser, broad-spectrum SPF, and REGENX HYDRATE SERUM for 12 weeks. The serum was applied twice daily to the full face. The primary objective was to assess the product’s ability to deliver immediate (15-minute) and sustained moisturization, with secondary objectives evaluating improvements in skin brightness, hydration, and the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Baseline assessments included the Expert Grader Dryness Skin Scale, Tactile Roughness Scale (grades 2–3), GLOGAU classification, and Fitzpatrick skin typing. Standardized digital photography and Canfield Gen 5 VISIA CRP imaging were conducted at baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12. Moisturization was quantitatively assessed with corneometer at baseline, 15 minutes post-application, and at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Subjects returned for in-person evaluations at days 30, 60, and 90, during which expert visual grading, clinical photography, subject self-assessment questionnaires, and adverse event monitoring were completed. To complement clinical outcomes, one subject was randomly selected to undergo preauricular 2-mm punch biopsies at baseline and week 12.

Results: Corneometric analysis demonstrated a greater than 100% increase in skin hydration within 15 minutes (from initial 0.19 to 0.44 after 15 minutes) of REGENX HYDRATE SERUM application, based on normalized data from two clinical sites involving 14 participants. This elevated hydration level was sustained throughout the 12-week study period (from initial 0.19 to final 0.45). Expert grading further indicated substantial clinical improvement in skin condition. Dryness scores, rated on a 0–4 scale (0 = no dryness; 4 = extreme xerosis with inflammation, large scales, and cracks), decreased from a mean of 2.15 (moderate xerosis) to 0.26 (near normal). Tactile roughness, assessed on a 0–4 scale (0 = none; 4 = extreme), improved from a mean of 2.10 (moderate) to 0.43 (minimal). Histological evaluation of preauricular biopsies from a subset of participants also suggested a reduction in inflammatory markers, supporting the serum’s role in enhancing epidermal barrier function and mitigating inflammation in dry, photodamaged skin.

TikTok and benzoyl peroxide safety: balancing public concerns with expert guidance

Presenters: Doyon VC,¹ Rahman S,² Kharel A,² Li MK³

Affiliations: ¹Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; ²Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, AB, Canada; ³Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada

Objective: We sought to examine the differences in responses to benzoyl peroxide safety concerns between health science professionals and the general public following a report on benzene decomposition at high temperatures, identify differences in misinformation prevalence and disclosure regarding benzene exposure between health science professionals and the public, and identify differences in recommendations for benzoyl peroxide use between health science professionals and the public.

Introduction: Concerns about benzoyl peroxide (BPO) safety arose following a report in March 2024 showing BPO decomposition into benzene at high temperatures.¹ This cross-sectional analysis examines reactions on TikTok from health science professionals (HSPs) and the public, assessing whether this impacted clinical recommendations.

Methods: 154 TikTok posts from January 5 to May 5, 2024, were identified using the query “benzoyl peroxide safety” (and other related synonyms). The posts were analyzed independently by two authors. Quality of the TikTok posts were assessed using the Global Quality Scale, a 5-point Likert scale used in social media to assess structure, flow, and quality of digital health content.²

Results: Forty-three percent of posts were produced by HSPs, including dermatologists (28%), other physicians (6%), nurses/physician assistants (5%), and cosmetic chemists (4%). Fifty-seven percent were produced by members of the public who did not have a bachelor’s degree or higher in health science-related fields. HSPs produced higher-quality posts, with 60.6% scoring GQS 4- 5 versus 14.8% of public posts (p<0.001). Posts by the public were more likely to include high levels of misinformation (26.1% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) and negative views on BPO (48.5% vs. 18.2%, p<0.001). While HSPs more frequently disclosed benzene risks (86.4% vs. 13.6%, p=0.002), they had mixed views on BPO’s carcinogenic potential (24.6% vs. 7.1%, p=0.02) or stated that there was no carcinogenic risk in typical conditions (52.6% vs. 32.1%, p=0.04). The public more often agreed with the Valisure report (61.2% vs. 23.6%, p<0.001) and recommended stringent measures or avoidance (50.9% vs. 19.0%, p<0.001), while HSPs recommended moderate precautions (24.1% vs. 9.1%, p=0.04).

Conclusion: Most dermatologists and HSPs did not describe a substantial benzene risk with typical BPO use, emphasizing mild precautionary measures are sufficient to minimize potential risks. This is consistent with recent studies revealing no elevated blood benzene levels nor increased malignancy risk.^3,4

References:

1. Kucera K, Zenzola N, Hudspeth A, Dubnicka M, Hinz W, Bunick C, Dabestani A, Light D. Benzoyl peroxide drug products form benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 2024;132(3):037702.
2. Bernard A, Langille M, Hughes S, Rose C, Leddin D, Veldhuyzen Van Zanten S. A systematic review of patient inflammatory bowel disease information resources on the world wide web. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(9):2070-2077.
3. Sadr N, Troger A, Chai PR, Barbieri JS. No evidence for an association between benzoyl peroxide use and increased blood benzene levels in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2024;91(4):763- 765.
4. Garate D, Thang CJ, Lai J, Golovko G, Wilkerson MG, Barbieri JS. Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is not associated with an increased risk of malignancy: A retrospective cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2024;91(5):966-968.

Trends in prescription topical medications for melasma: Population-level analysis of 40,145 patients

Presenters: Leung BW¹

Affiliations: ¹Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine

Background: Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder with variable therapeutic approaches. However, limited large-scale data describe prescribing trends for topical agents in the United States.

Objective: To evaluate national trends in prescription topical medications used for melasma management over the past decade.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-level study of patients with a diagnosis of melasma. Using Epic Cosmos database, 40,145 patients were identified using ICD-10 codes from June 30, 2015 to June 30, 2025. Prescription frequencies for tretinoin, hydroquinone, and azelaic acid were reported as proportions of patients with melasma diagnosis per calendar year.

Results: From 2015 to 2025, prescription rates increased for all three agents. Tretinoin use remained highest throughout, rising from 23.6% in 2015 to 26.1% in 2025, with a transient dip in 2021 (17.8%). Hydroquinone use increased from 18.9% to 27.6%, with the steepest growth occurring between 2020 and 2024. Azelaic acid, although less frequently prescribed, showed the largest relative increase (2.7x), from 2.4% to 6.5% over the study period.

Conclusions: In this large, population-level dataset, prescription topical therapies for melasma showed an upward trend from 2015–2025, with hydroquinone and azelaic acid exhibiting the greatest relative growth.

Clinical evaluation of Thiamidol^TM-containing formulations for the visual management of facial hyperpigmentation

Presenters: Desai SR,^1,2 Lain E,³ Elbuluk N,⁴ Frey C⁵

Affiliations: ¹Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; ²Innovative Dermatology, Plano, TX; ³Sanova Dermatology, Austin, TX; ⁴Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; ⁵Department of Dermatology, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC

Background: Skin hyperpigmentation, which includes melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines, significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. The overproduction of melanin occurs via a complex mechanism and is mediated by activation of the human skin enzyme tyrosinase through conversion of L-Dopa to the end product melanin with subsequent deposition in skin. Thiamidol-based formulations have been previously shown to be effective in reducing the visible factors associated with this human skin enzyme.

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a novel cosmetic Thiamidol-containing serum and Thiamidol-containing regimen (Day Lotion with SPF 30, Serum, and Night Cream) for the visible management of facial hyperpigmentation.

Methods: A randomized study was performed with 90 subjects (representative of Fitzpatrick Skin Types I-VI) clinically presenting with facial hyperpigmentation as measured by colorimeter and individual typology angle (ITA0) (Thiamidol serum n=43; Thiamidol regimen n=47), to assess the efficacy of a Thiamidol-based serum (2x daily application; morning/night) or a Thiamidol-based regimen (Day lotion with SPF 30 + Serum in morning; Night cream + Serum at night) for 12 weeks with a 6-week regression period. Assessments of skin lightness (L*), ITA0 value, radiance, and shine were conducted at baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 18.

Results: A significant visible reduction in facial hyperpigmentation, assessed by increases in L* and ITA° values, along with an increase in skin radiance and shine, were observed as early as Week 2, with continued improvement through Week 12 in both the Serum and Regimen groups relative to baseline. Changes in radiance and shine were enhanced in the regimen-treated group compared to serum alone by Week 8 and extending to Week 12.

Discussion: This study demonstrates the clinical effectiveness of Thiamidol-containing formulations in the visible improvement of facial hyperpigmentation and in overall skin radiance and shine. Use of the Thiamidol-containing serum twice daily resulted in a significant visible improvement of facial hyperpigmentation, while use of the serum in combination with the day lotion with SPF 30 and the night cream, further enhanced the efficacy on radiance and shine.

Conclusion: These data support the use of Thiamidol-containing formulations as part of the overall management strategy for individuals affected by facial hyperpigmentation. 

Funding: Scientific poster submission support provided by Beiersdorf, Inc.

Clinical evaluation of a Thiamidol^TM-containing regimen compared with photoprotection for the visual management of facial hyperpigmentation

Presenters: Taylor S,¹ Grimes PE²

Affiliations: ¹Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ²The Grimes Center for Medical and Aesthetic Dermatology, Vitiligo and Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

Background: Pigmentary disorders, including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines, are among the most common skin disorders. Uneven skin tone as a result of hyperpigmentation affects how patients see themselves, and how they are perceived by others, resulting in an impact on patients’ quality of life. Photoprotection in the form of broad-spectrum ultraviolet sunscreen is the cornerstone of most standard management protocols to reduce hyperpigmentation exacerbation. Hyperpigmentation is mediated by overactivity of a multi-step synthesis process resulting in the overproduction of melanin from tyrosine via tyrosinase activity. Recently, isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (Thiamidol) has been identified as the most effective human tyrosinase inhibitor out of >50,000 screened compounds, making it an attractive ingredient for anti-hyperpigmentation formulations.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a Thiamidol-containing regimen (Day Lotion with SPF 30, Serum, and Night Cream) compared with a standard SPF 30 lotion for visible management of hyperpigmentation.

Methods: A randomized study was performed (N=77; n=47, Thiamidol regimen; n=30, standard SPF 30 lotion) with subjects aged 18-64 and Fitzpatrick Skin Types I-VI clinically presenting with facial hyperpigmentation (measured by colorimeter and individual typology angle [ITA°]) to assess the efficacy of the Thiamidol-containing regimen (Day Lotion with SPF 30 and Serum applied in the morning, Night Cream and Serum applied in the evening) compared with a standard SPF 30 lotion (applied 1-4 times daily as needed) for 12 weeks, followed by a 6-week regression phase.

Results: Facial hyperpigmentation, measured by skin lightness, ITA° values, radiance and shine, was significantly reduced relative to baseline for both groups as early as Week 2, and significantly reduced for patients receiving the Thiamidol-containing regimen vs the standard SPF 30 lotion at Weeks 8 and 12. Additionally, both groups maintained significant reductions in hyperpigmentation compared to baseline after a 6-week regression phase.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that while SPF alone can reduce the visible signs of hyperpigmentation, the addition of Thiamidol to a daily skin care regimen can confer additional benefit with regard to skin lightness, radiance, and shine. This data supports the integration of Thiamidol-containing formulations into existing skin regimens for individuals with facial hyperpigmentation.

Funding: Scientific poster submission support provided by Beiersdorf, Inc.

Investigating the efficacy of a novel nighttime facial moisturizer: A split-face study on mild-to-moderate photodamaged skin

Presenters: Bui H,¹ Frey C¹

Affiliations: ¹Howard University Hospital Department of Dermatology

Background: Americans are investing heavily in efforts to slow the effects of aging. As skin matures, its natural rejuvenation processes slow, leading to thinning, dryness, reduced elasticity, and visible signs such as wrinkles, discoloration, uneven texture, and changes in pore size. Age-related reductions in hyaluronic acid and collagen, combined with photoinduced cellular damage, result in thinning, dryness, decreased elasticity, wrinkles, dyschromia, and textural irregularities. Photoaging also increases oxidative stress and may elevate the risk of cutaneous malignancies. This study investigates a novel topical formulation containing Lavandula hybrida extract (1%), Lespedeza capitata flower extract (3%), kangaroo paw flower extract (2%), dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline (1%), and tetrapeptide-30 (2.5%). The formulation was designed to stimulate cutaneous melatonin production, reduce inflammation, support dermal structure, and enhance collagen and elastin synthesis. We aim to evaluate its synergistic effects on skin hydration, texture, and barrier function in photodamaged skin, with the goal of developing a treatment applicable across diverse age groups and skin types.

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy of a novel facial moisturizer in improving skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), wrinkles, and texture using the Cortex Technology DermaLab® system and the Canfield VISIA® imaging platform.

Methods: This was an 8-week, split-face, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial involving 25 participants with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) II–VI and mild-to-moderate photodamage. Subjects were instructed to apply the treatment moisturizer to one side of the face and a control moisturizer (from a leading drug store brand) to the other side of their face twice daily. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), wrinkle severity, and texture were assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8 using the Cortex Technology DermaLab® system and the Canfield VISIA® imaging platform.

Results: The study population (N = 25) comprised 3 males and 22 females, including 1 participant with FST II, 3 with FST III, 10 with FST IV, 9 with FST V, and 2 with FST VI, ranging in age from 25 to 59 years. At week 4, the treatment group demonstrated a 25.61% increase in skin hydration versus 5.28% in the control group, rising to 29.66% versus 3.81% at week 8. TEWL was reduced by 15.88% and 26.56% in the treatment group at weeks 4 and 8, respectively, compared with 2.50% and 21.14% in the control group. VISIA analysis showed wrinkle severity improved by 19.12% and 21.04% in the treatment group at weeks 4 and 8, respectively, versus 0.67% and 8.07% in the control group. Texture improved by 10.25% and 13.56% in the treatment group at weeks 4 and 8, respectively, compared with 5.81% and 7.97% in the control group.

Discussion: The results of this 8-week randomized, split-face trial demonstrate that the novel topical formulation produced clinically meaningful improvements in multiple parameters of photodamaged skin compared with control. Increases in skin hydration exceeded 25% by week 4 and approached 30% by week 8, suggesting rapid and sustained enhancement of epidermal water retention. Corresponding reductions in TEWL indicate improved barrier integrity, which may underlie the observed gains in hydration. VISIA imaging revealed consistent improvements in wrinkle severity and texture, with treatment effects evident as early as week 4 and maintained through week 8. These findings support the hypothesized synergistic activity of the formulation’s botanical extracts, peptide, and amino acid derivative in promoting dermal matrix support, reducing inflammation, and enhancing cutaneous repair.

Conclusion: This novel moisturizer significantly improved hydration, barrier function, wrinkle appearance, and texture in subjects with mild-to-moderate photodamage across Fitzpatrick skin types II–VI. The magnitude and early onset of effects suggest its potential as an effective topical option for improving skin quality and mitigating visible signs of photoaging. Longer-term studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm durability of results and explore its role in comprehensive anti- aging regimens.

Retinaldehyde cream with niacinamide, hyaluronic acid and thermal spring water with Aquaphilus dolomiae: A new anti-aging option

Presenters: Doat G, Barry C, Bucay V

Background: With the growing trend of having multi-functioning anti-aging products, ingredient blends are gaining momentum over products with single ingredient efficacy. In addition, tolerability for even for the most sensitive skin types is becoming a priority in the anti-aging landscape. A combination ingredient cream containing retinaldehyde (RAL), niacinamide, both a low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid, and a thermal spring water with an exclusive microflora (Aquaphilus dolomiae) was evaluated.

The use of retinoids and vitamin A derivatives for photoaging has been well documented.¹ They are among the most effective compounds in treating the signs of photodamage and aging. Retinoids regulate cell apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation. Retinoids improve wrinkles by promoting keratinocyte proliferation, strengthening the protective function of the epidermis, reducing transepidermal water loss and protecting collagen against degradation by inhibiting metalloproteinases activity.² Although topical retinoic acid (RA) effectively restores photoaged skin, the associated irritation often limits its utility. The use of immediate RA precursors, such as retinol, retinaldehyde, and beta carotene may prevent “overload” of the retinoic acid, which may be associated with less irritation. Human keratinocytes convert retinol into retinaldehyde and then into RA by two enzymatic steps involving dehydrogenases.³ Unlike retinol, retinaldehyde (RAL) is the natural immediate precursor of retinoic acid and can also be used to treat photoaged skin with good tolerability.⁴ Retinaldehyde has been shown to be 10 x more bioavailable than retinol^5,6 and 3x more potent than retinol with an excellent tolerability profile.⁵ Niacinamide (nicotinamide or vitamin B3) plays a pivotal role in NAD+ synthesis, notably contributing to redox reactions and energy production in cutaneous cells. Via diversified biochemical mechanisms, niacinamide is also known to influence human DNA repair and cellular stress responses. From a cosmeceutical standpoint, niacinamide has been widely leveraged as a multipurpose anti-aging ingredient because of significant reductions in cutaneous oxidative stress, inflammation, and pigmentation.⁷ Due to its strong water-binding potential, hyaluronic acid (HA) is a well-known active ingredient for cosmetic applications. Native HA helps the skin to retain and maintain elasticity, turgor and moisture. In one study, topical application of all 0.1% HA formulations at different molecular weights (50, 130, 300, 800 and 2000 kDa) led to significant improvement in skin hydration and elasticity. Application of low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA was associated with significant reduction of wrinkle depth, which may be due to better penetration abilities of LMW HA.⁸ The water from a thermal spring found in Avène, France has a unique and unchanging composition with an exclusive double mineral and biologic signature. This ion balanced water, with a constant temperature, low mineral content enriched with silica and trace elements, an ideal calcium/magnesium ratio, and a neutral pH, has been found beneficial to the skin.⁹ Aquaphilus dolomiae is a nonpathogenic, gram-negative, highly flagellated bacterium found only in the deep, pure waters specific to this thermal spring and is thought to contribute to associated skin benefits. The water has demonstrated a 47% decrease in skin sensitivity by evaluating irritation, tingling, burning, heat sensation, redness, itching, tightness, discomfort, and pain.¹⁰

Method: Two studies were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the retinaldehyde 0.1 cream with niacinamide, hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of 120 kDa/800kDa and thermal spring water with Aquaphilus dolomiae. The first was a patient perception survey with 44 women (ages 45-65) looking at perceived improvement in skin firmness, luminosity, skin smoothness and texture with a nightly application of the cream comparing the results at baseline and at day 57.  The second study was a split face comparison by a clinical evaluator with 66 men and women (ages 35-65) who had undergone an in-office procedure which included a peel, laser or injection. All patients used the same healing cream for 7 days post procedure and then the cream was applied to half of the face in the evening for 3 months.

Results: The patient perception survey demonstrated a perceived improvement in skin luminosity (84%), firmer skin (93%), smoother skin (95%) and texture (89%). Clinical evaluation of patient’s post-procedure results indicated a 23% improvement in skin radiance and a 21% improvement on the treated side compared to untreated side.

Conclusion: The first study indicates that patients perceive a visible benefit with nightly use of the retinaldehyde 0.1 cream with niacinamide, hyaluronic acid with of molecular weight of 120 kDa/800kDa and thermal spring water with Aquaphilus dolomiae. As a positive patient experience and perception are critical for compliance, this result is an encouraging first step. The second study took a unique perspective of investigating incremental improvements after in-office procedures. While the treatments alone, with an appropriate post-procedure cream will show improvement, there was a definite increase in improvement with use of the Retinaldehyde 0.1 cream with niacinamide, hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of 120 kDa/800kDa and thermal spring water with Aquaphilus dolomiae. Often, the use of a retinoid post-procedure is limited by its potential for irritation. It is hypothesized that the combination of ingredients with the soothing nature of the thermal spring water, contributed to both compliance and efficacy.

Conclusion: Both studies have obvious limitations in relying solely on the subjectivity of perceived results and clinical evaluation. Nonetheless, the results do suggest a promising anti-aging option and the need for further studies.

Funding: This study was supported by Pierre Fabre, USA, Secaucus, NJ.

References:

1. Mambwe B, Mellody KT, Kiss O, et al. Cosmetic retinoid use in photoaged skin: A review of the compounds, their use and mechanisms of action. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2025;47(1):45-57.
2. Zasada M, Budzisz E. Retinoids: active molecules influencing skin structure formation in cosmetic and dermatological treatments. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2019;36(4):392-397.
3. Saurat JH, Didierjean L, Masgrau E, et al. Topical retinaldehyde on human skin: biologic effects and tolerance. J Invest Dermatol. 1994;103(6):770-774.
4. Kwon HS, Lee JH, Kim GM, Bae JM. Efficacy and safety of retinaldehyde 0.1% and 0.05% creams used to treat photoaged skin: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(3):471-476.
5. Saurat JH, Didierjean L, Masgrau E, et al. Topical retinaldehyde on human skin: biologic effects and tolerance. J Invest Dermatol. 1994;103(6):770-774.
6. Konisky H, Bowe WP, Yang P, Kobets K. The Clinical Efficacy and Tolerability of a Novel Retinaldehyde Serum with Firming Peptides to Improve Skin Texture and Signs of Photoaging. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(11):992-997.
7. Marques C, Hadjab F, Porcello A, et al. Mechanistic Insights into the Multiple Functions of Niacinamide: Therapeutic Implications and Cosmeceutical Applications in Functional Skincare Products. Antioxidants (Basel). 2024;13(4):425. Published 2024 Mar 30.